Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2
Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2
CHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2lying lifelong involvement in sports. Information pertaining to the topic will be mainly derived from survey data on over 600 Masters Athletes and on archived records from over 40,000 Masters Athletes of different sports; however, additional insights will be provided from other existing motivational Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2 research on Masters Athletes. The motivational themes will be discussed with respect to the following:The importance of understanding motivational prEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
ocesses underlying lifelong involvement in sport;■The question of whether relative age effects exist in Masters sports;■The question of what motivatesCHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2ive body of literature has focused on the concept of motivation in sport settings. Various research strategies have been utilized successfully in pursuit of clarifying the complexity of this concept, and over 30 different theories have been proposed to explain and predict what motivates athletes to Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2behave the way they do (Paskevich et al., 2006; Roberts, 2001). This research has been valuable because it provided the basis for understanding the chEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
oice, effort, and persistence tendencies, and their relationship to human behaviour. This research has also facilitated the development of strategies CHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2hts regarding the development of motivational factors until the time athletes reachpeak performance in their sports. However, our knowledge is much more limited, but emerging, with regards to the motivational processes of Masters Athletes; that is, individuals who either continue to compete beyond t Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2heir peak performance, or, at some later time in their life, start or resume training on a daily basis and compete at events available to middle- to oEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
lder-aged adults (e.g., Master's tournaments, Senior Olympics).Numerous studies throughout the developed world have shown that, in our aging society, CHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2 this, there is convincing evidence that the numerous physiological (Bouchard el al., 2007) and psychological (Biddle el al., 2000) benefits of physical activity and sport involvement outweigh the risks associated with physical activity and sport involvement in older people. Considering that physica Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2l inactivity has been highlighted as one of the most important areas lor disease-risk-factor reduction in middle- to older-aged adults, efforts have bEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
een directed al understanding how to increase and maintain physical activity and sport participation in this population. One approach toward this aim CHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2ontinue to train for and compete at various sporting disciplines available to older adults. Masters Athletes thus provide US with an exceptional cohort to study motivation for physical activity and sport because they devote a large amount of lime to sport and have a lifetime of valuable experience. Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2As such, Masters Athletes are of particular interest because they may have developed and adopted motivational strategies that allow them to maintain sEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
port involvement across the lifespan in spite of age-related performance declines. Moreover, a benefit of utilizing Masters Athletes in research on spCHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2se or other physical disability as a barrier to participation. Finally, understanding motivational processes of Masters Athletes is important because extensive evidence suggests that, in order to maintain highly skilled levels of athletic performance, individuals need to engage in adequate amounts o Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2f high-quality sport-specific training (e.g., Weir et al. (2002) showed that national-level Masters Athletes trained 6.5 hours per week on average) anEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
d must be motivated to overcome setbacks in training and competition over time. Thus, in an attempt to broaden the vision of what constitutes high-perCHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2d be recognized as experts who have a lifetime of valuable experience. Spirduso et al. (2005) stated that Masters Athletes:are an important group to study and to emulate ... because lhey reveal the limits of human physical potential. .. They are an inspiration ... because they epitomize optimal phys Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2ical aging... and because they inspire an upward look, provide a standard, and give hope.(p. 316, see also Horton, Chapter 8)DO RELATIVE AGE EFFECTS EEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
XIST IN MASTERS SPORTS?A motivational strategy aimed al establishing a fair playing field in Masters sports involves the use of 'age categories' that CHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2those close to their own age. Age categories are determined by the governing bodies for each Masters sport and are gender specific. However, anecdotal evidence from Masters Athletes suggests that motivational differences exist within each of the five-year age categories. Masters Athletes report that Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2, as they start approaching the upper end of their age category, they feel less motivated to train and compete because of their relative-age disadvantEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
age. For example, in a recent interview in a Masters sports' magazine, Philippa Raschker, a Masters track and field athlete (who, at the time of the iCHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2w anxious are you about turning sixty?' I ler response was:I turn 59 in February, and due to the injury, this is the perfect time to rest and heal. And yes, I am very anxious to turn 60 and go after the records in that age group. For me, if there were no new goals to achieve, I would change gears an Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2d go into another sport. The records are the incentives that have kept me in this program, because they present the challenges I need to pursue afterEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
so many years of training.(Houlihan, 2006, p. 43)Likewise, a 60-year-old competitive Masters swimmer acknowledged the following:I had been active in MCHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2ering how I would do at the 60-year-old level ... I did just that... I had gone faster than the old record . . . and I was only a half-second slower than my current world record in the 55-59 year bracket I had set 5 years previously ... I was very pleased and relieved that I had been able to meet my Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2 expectations and the crowd's ... Each time I "age up", I look forward to setting new standards, and the thrill is always thereto race and put myselfEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
in the high-pressure zone of tough competition. I don't really know why I do this, but perhaps it is only to gain the recognition of peers and the selCHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2cal declines related to aging, lack of motivation to train during later stages of the five-year age categories may also contribute to the decline in Masters Athletes' athletic performance.The motivational effect of age categories in Masters sports, and the influence of Masters Athletes' relative-age Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2 advantage/disadvantage within constituent age categories, were systematically examined in a recent study by our research group (Medic et al., 2007).Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2
We reasoned that, based on Masters Athletes' birth dates, five-year age categories can be used to identify relatively-older and relatively-younger cohCHAPTER SEVENUNDERSTANDING MASTERS ATHLETES' MOTIVATION FOR SPORTNIKOLA MEDICThe objective of this chapter is to discuss motivational processes underl Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2 which generally use one-year age categories. In this study we tested whether a relative age effect was reflected in participation rates (i.e., participation-related relative age effect) and the performance achievements (i.e., performance-related relative age effect.) of Masters Athletes across each Ebook The masters athlete: Part 2 constituent and successive year within the five-year age categories. We analyzed archived data on 24,831 participation entries from 1996 to 2005, andEbook The masters athlete: Part 2
1,160 national records set from 1998 to 2005 at USA Masters championships in track and field and swimming. Based on five-year age categories in whichGọi ngay
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