Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2
Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2
Macular disordersINTRODUCTIONThe macula IS a common site of symptomatic retinal pathology requiring vitreoretinal intervention. PVD IS implicated in t Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2the production of the most common vitreoretinal macular disorders.I IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLECLINICAL FEATURESINTRODUCTIONAge-related macular hole is a tangential dehiscence of the neuroretinal layer of the retina at the fovea:•Occurs in middle-aged or elderly patients•Occurs in 3.3 females:! male•Occ Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2urs 7.8/100.000 population1•Bilateral in 12-13% in 2 years after presentation in one eye2Patients’ symptoms consist of blurred vision or distortion. IEbook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2
n the early stages (grade 1), the patient sees a small central grey patch in their central vision, and because the receptors are not yet displaced, diMacular disordersINTRODUCTIONThe macula IS a common site of symptomatic retinal pathology requiring vitreoretinal intervention. PVD IS implicated in t Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2 of the hole (grades 2 and 3). Typically, the features at the centre of the patient s visual image (e.g. the nose of a face) are reduced in size (micropsia). The brain receives fewer signals than it should in the centre of the macula because the receptors are spread apart on the rim of the macular h Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2ole. The patient s visual system interprets this as a falsely small image centrally, hence the reduction in the size of the nose when the patient lookEbook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2
s at a face. Eventually, over time the receptors at the edge of the hole will stop functioning (grades 3 and 4). and the patient will have a central sMacular disordersINTRODUCTIONThe macula IS a common site of symptomatic retinal pathology requiring vitreoretinal intervention. PVD IS implicated in t Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2on and loss of vision are exploited in the Watzke-Allen test? To perform this test, shine a thin line of light vertically via the slit lamp biomicroscope across the macular hole.Ask the patient to describe the line of light.There are three possibilities:•Straight: an intact fovea•Narrowing centrally Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2: separated but functioning foveal receptors•Gap centrally-’: loss of function of the receptors4It is the process of vitreous detachment that createsEbook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2
the macular hole. The separation of the vitreous is often visible on OCT of the macula. A prefovea] operculum may be visible in the early stages and iMacular disordersINTRODUCTIONThe macula IS a common site of symptomatic retinal pathology requiring vitreoretinal intervention. PVD IS implicated in t Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2rgical success and visual outcome. The grading system devised by Gass relates to ophthalmoscopy and not to OCT findings.•Grade 1: The hole commences as a foveal intraretinal cyst7 (1 A) ora ring of cysts (IB), seen as a central yellow spot or ring of spots,8-10 at which point, the patient may be asy Ebook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2mptomatic or have mild blur or distortion (Figures 6.2 through 6.9k•Grade 2: A small crescentic or round hole less than 400 pm.•Grade 3: A large roundEbook Vitreoretinal disorders in primary care: Part 2
hole of more than 400 pm diameter (Figures 6.10 and 6.11).•Grade 4: A hole with an associated PVD (Figure 6.12).102laopathc macular hale1032Figure 6.Macular disordersINTRODUCTIONThe macula IS a common site of symptomatic retinal pathology requiring vitreoretinal intervention. PVD IS implicated in tMacular disordersINTRODUCTIONThe macula IS a common site of symptomatic retinal pathology requiring vitreoretinal intervention. PVD IS implicated in tGọi ngay
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