Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

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Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

Influence of in-wheel motors on the ride comfort of electric vehiclesR. VosD&c 2010.041Master’s thesisCoach(es):dr.ir. IJ.M. BesselinkSupervisor:prof.

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles.dr. H. NijmeijerEindhoven University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics & ControlEindhoven, July, 2010AcknowledgementsI woul

d like to thank my supervisors, dr.ir. l.J.M. Besselink and prof.dr. H. Nijmeijer. for giving me the opportunity to work on this interesting subject a Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

nd for (heir valuable advice and guidance throughout the project.1 am grateful to Erwin Meinders, Paul van Oorschot and Toon van Gils for their aid an

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

d assistance during the experiments.Finally. 1 would like to thank my family, my girlfriend and all my friends for their support and encouragement to

Influence of in-wheel motors on the ride comfort of electric vehiclesR. VosD&c 2010.041Master’s thesisCoach(es):dr.ir. IJ.M. BesselinkSupervisor:prof.

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehiclesf electric vehicles. To this end. on-road experiments are performed using an ICE vehicle and simulations are performed with a model representing a hat

ter) electric vehicle. The experiments and simulations are performed by adding a mass of 15 kg to each individual wheel. This is determined based on t Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

he assumption (hat (he vehicle has to be equipped with drive motors (hat have a combined power of 30 kw in order to overcome the road load during norm

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

al driving and based on the assumption that a specific motor output of approximately I kW/kg can be considered to be an appropriate guideline for perm

Influence of in-wheel motors on the ride comfort of electric vehiclesR. VosD&c 2010.041Master’s thesisCoach(es):dr.ir. IJ.M. BesselinkSupervisor:prof.

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles vehicle at the Eindhoven University of Technology. The experiments are conducted with the baseline configuration, a configuration with an increased u

nsprung mass at the front, and a configuration with an increased unsprung mass at the rear. All measurements are performed on four different road surf Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

ace types with ascending severity: .smooth asphalt, highway, cobblestones and Belgian blocks. The results of the experiments show that in-wheel motors

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

, especially placed in the front wheels, result in high deterioration of the ride comfort. This negative effect increases as the severity of the road

Influence of in-wheel motors on the ride comfort of electric vehiclesR. VosD&c 2010.041Master’s thesisCoach(es):dr.ir. IJ.M. BesselinkSupervisor:prof.

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehiclesderived from the baseline Lupo 3L. To this end. the vehicle mass and weight distribution, the suspension parameters, stiffness of the anti-roll bars a

nd the tyre parameters arc determined experimentally. The comparison of the results show that there is a fair agreement between the simulations and ex Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

periments up to at least the validation frequency of 20 Hz. Overall, the simulations are able to give a good approximation of the influence of in-whee

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

l motors on the vehicle nde comfort.Using the validated model it has been found that the battery electric vehicle is approximately 14% more comfortabl

Influence of in-wheel motors on the ride comfort of electric vehiclesR. VosD&c 2010.041Master’s thesisCoach(es):dr.ir. IJ.M. BesselinkSupervisor:prof.

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehiclesn the baseline ICE vehicle. Unfortunately, the dynamic wheel load IS increased by approximately 40% and the suspension travel is increased with about

16%. Since the suspension system as implemented in the baseline vehicle has been found to he optimized, even for the battery electric vehicle, (his in Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

crease can not be sufficiently reduced by changing the suspension parameters. Reducing the lyre pressure or using a dynamic vibration absorber are fou

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

nd to work insufficiently as well.Furthermore, possible improvements in ride comfort, road holding and suspension travel using a (semi-) active electr

Influence of in-wheel motors on the ride comfort of electric vehiclesR. VosD&c 2010.041Master’s thesisCoach(es):dr.ir. IJ.M. BesselinkSupervisor:prof.

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehiclesive. Under the assumption that an improvement in the dynamic wheel load is not accompanied with a deterioration in the ride comfort, the semi-active s

kyhook controller is able to decrease the dynamic wheel load the most, up to 9%. Without the above assumption. it is best to use the active hybrid con Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

troller, since this controller is able to decrease the dynamic wheel load up to 18%. although at the expense of the ride comfort. Moreover, it has bee

Inﬂuence of in-wheel motors onthe ride comfort of electric vehicles

n found that only low power levels are needed to control the system.iiiiv/Ầbsíntcí

Influence of in-wheel motors on the ride comfort of electric vehiclesR. VosD&c 2010.041Master’s thesisCoach(es):dr.ir. IJ.M. BesselinkSupervisor:prof.