Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)
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Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)
Chapter 2The Chemical Basis Of LifeObjectives■Define and explain the chemical principles that form the basis of the chemistry of life.■Clarify the pri Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)inciple of chemical bonding (covalent and noncovalent bonds).■Explain ionization.■Describe the chemistry of water and Its relationship to biological chemistry and cell biology.■Explain the chemistry of hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules.■Define and explain acids, bases. pH. and buffers for your s Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)tudents.■Familiarize students With the structure and function of the four major groups of biological macromolecules.•Get students to appreciate the siTest bank and solution of karp 7e (2)
milarities of and differences between the macromolecules.■Explain the importance of polymerization to the production of macromolecules.•Emphasize the Chapter 2The Chemical Basis Of LifeObjectives■Define and explain the chemical principles that form the basis of the chemistry of life.■Clarify the pri Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)rs are shared between atomsA.Formation of a covalent bond IS governed by the basic principle that atoms are most stable With a full outer electron shell1Number of bonds an atom forms determined by how many electrons are needed to fill outer shell2Outer & only shell of hydrogen & helium atoms IS fill Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)ed when It contains 2 electrons; outer shells of other atoms are filled when they contain 8 electrons3Example: oxygen with 6 outer-shell electrons canTest bank and solution of karp 7e (2)
fill its outer shell by combining with 2 H atoms, forming a molecule water; oxygen atom linked to each H by a single covalent bondB.Bond formation isChapter 2The Chemical Basis Of LifeObjectives■Define and explain the chemical principles that form the basis of the chemistry of life.■Clarify the pri Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2) energy' is quite large so these bonds are stable under most conditionsa.1 calorie - the amount of thermal energy' required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C; 1 kilocalorie (kcal; or 1 large Calorie) = 1000 caloriesb.Energy also expressed in Joules (measure of energy in terms of work); Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2) 1 kcal = 4186 Joulesc.1 mole - Avogadro's number (6.023 X 10ĩ}) of molecules; a mole of a substance is its molecular weight expressed in gramsc. AtomTest bank and solution of karp 7e (2)
s can be joined by bonds in which >1 pair of electrons are shared: if 2 pairs are shared -> double bond (O’); if 3 pairs shared •> triple bond (N’); nChapter 2The Chemical Basis Of LifeObjectives■Define and explain the chemical principles that form the basis of the chemistry of life.■Clarify the pri Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)uble & triple bonds cannotII.Electronegativity and unequal or equal sharing of electronsA. When atoms sharing electrons are the same, electrons are shared equally between the 2 atoms25B. If 2 unlike atoms share electrons, positively charged nucleus of 1 atom (the more electronegative atom) exerts a Test bank and solution of karp 7e (2)greater attractive force on the outer electrons than the other1Thus, the outer electrons are located closer to the more electronegative atom2Of atomsTest bank and solution of karp 7e (2)
most often seen in biological molecules, nitrogen, oxygen - highly electronegativeIII.Polar and non-polar moleculesA.Water - 0-H bonds in H:0 polarizeChapter 2The Chemical Basis Of LifeObjectives■Define and explain the chemical principles that form the basis of the chemistry of life.■Clarify the priChapter 2The Chemical Basis Of LifeObjectives■Define and explain the chemical principles that form the basis of the chemistry of life.■Clarify the priGọi ngay
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