An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
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An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
Developing Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis nitDe Montfort University, United KingdomIntegrated project “Making democratic institutions work”Council of EuropeExecutive summaryThere is a sense that democracy has reached a significant point in its development in Europe. The institutions of democracy are more widely accepted and practised across An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis the continent than ever before. More Europeans live in democracies and more Europeans subscribe to the values of democracy in their day to day livesAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
than ever before. At the same time, however, there is also a perception of democratic atrophy. Mistrust of political institutions, declining turnout iDeveloping Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis consensus around core institutions.Developing democracy in Europe - an analytical summary of the Council of Europe's acquis examines the Organisation’s activities to enhance democratic institutions, in particular through adopted texts and their support material. In summarising the Council’s acquis An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis in the field of democracy, it provides both a stock take of what the Council thinks in this area and an analysis of the problems and opportunities thaAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
t face European democracy.Problems, challenges and opportunitieshttps://khothuvien.cori!It is important to recognise the problems, challenges and oppoDeveloping Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis ic institutions work.Problems. The most apparent problem is the perception of an increasing democratic deficit in both established and newer democracies. Participation in formal political institutions continues to decline while the attention of the politically active is increasingly shifting towards An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis issues that are beyond the control of nation-states and take place outside of the traditional institutions of collective politics. Faced with changinAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
g patterns of political engagement, the legitimacy of traditional institutions of democracy is called into question. This issue is compounded by a secDeveloping Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis s is a threat in so far as it encourages even greater distance between citizens and governments. Even if such mistrust was not an issue, however, the extent to which various groups are systematically excluded from political life and effectively disenfranchised, represents a third problem for contemp An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis orary' European democracy. Whether perceived or real, disenfranchisement is a problem for democracy because it strikes at one of its core principles,An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
that of political equality. Finally, a fourth problem for democracy is the absence of effective civic infrastructures and the active participation of Developing Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis tween citizens and the state in effective democracies. Their absence, therefore, is a fundamental problem for democracy which may inhibit the effective working of its institutions.Challenges. The challenges to democracy come from outside of its institutional structures or procedures and revolve arou An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis nd broader socio-economic and political pressures. First, an awareness of globalisation frames the limitations of individual nation-states in respondiAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
ng to shifting economic and demographic patterns. While not a new phenomenon, globalisation is currently challenging for Europe because, for the firstDeveloping Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis eras. Second, the consolidation of various pan-European bodies adds to these challenges, in particular, the challenge is one of concomitant convergence around core beliefs, rules and institutions while, at the same time, seeking to protect and encourage local, national, regional and local differenc An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis es and identities. As the only body to2which ail European democracies accede, the Council of Europe has an important role to play in balancing these cAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
hallenges.Opportunities. Europeanisation, of course, also represents one of the great opportunities for democracy across Europe. As well as achieving Developing Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis transfer across Europe. This opportunity is particularly evident in relation to the adoption of new technologies to support or enhance democracy. The Council recognised this opportunity early on and has taken a number of steps to support the effective use of technologies.Core principlesThe acquis is An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis a complex base of knowledge that has emerged over time and through a sophisticated process of debate. However, its main points can be distilled intoAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
five core principles.1.Parliamentary democracy - the Council remains committed to the formal structures of democracy that enforce a separation of poweDeveloping Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis ain fundamental to this institutional structure. Parliaments, in this vision, represent a microcosm of the full spectrum of socio-economic and political interests found in the wider community and act as the centre for political debate and deliberation. However, the relationship of parliaments with o An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis ther attempts to involve citizens directly in the policyprocess, beyond voting in periodic elections, has not been fully thought through in the acquisAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
.2.Representation - for parliaments to realise this ambition it is necessary' for them to be truly representative of the communities they serve. The CDeveloping Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis al parties as forming the foundation of effective democratic politics.3Concerns with party financing and the need to prevent corrupt funding of political parties by private interests is significant in this respect. Second, the Council has vigorously promoted good practice in electoral matters throug An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis h both the definition of standards and the monitoring of procedures. As well as promoting generally high standards across the process, the Council hasAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
also focused on issues of disenfranchisement among ethnic minorities and has concentrated particularly upon promoting gender equality as a fundamentaDeveloping Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis rency, responsiveness and accountability - While there are a potentially wide range of issues that might be addressed in relation to transparency, responsiveness and accountability, the Council has concentrated its efforts in three main areas. First, it has sought to define and enforce the ethical s An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis tandards that all public servants, whether paid functionaries or directly elected, should be expected to observe. Second, it has developed a range ofAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
instruments aimed at tackling corruption at all levels, from local government through to international crime and corruption. In seeking to codify the Developing Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis e Council has devoted much of its efforts to supporting a free and active media as one of the building blocks of democracy. Linked to this has been a concern with media pluralism as the best way to ensure freedom of expression. It is only by preserving and enhancing all three of these components tha An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis t political institutions can be seen to be transparent, responsive and accountable.4.Sub-national democracy and subsidiarity - the European Charter ofAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
Local Self-Government has defined the role of local government in a broader democratic polity. However, despite its widespread adoption among member Developing Democracy in EuropeAn analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquisLawrence Pratchett and Vivien LowndesLocal Governance Research Un An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis that decisions be taken at the level closest to the citizen, has not always been observed. The problem is a complex one, not least because no two member states have the same institutional structures at national or sub-national level. However, the principle remains important to democracy and fundamen An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis tal to the Council’s vision for European democracy.45.Participation and civic society - the Council, through many of its adopted texts and activities,An analytical summary of the Council of Europe’s acquis
promotes the principles of participation and civic society. Participation is focused especially around encouraging the engagement of otherwise marginGọi ngay
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