A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
A Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionst *DRAFT, SEPTEMBER 2002. NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORS.* University of Oxford. United Kingdom.ContentsAbstract..................................................................................1.Introduction....................................................................... A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion...2.The experiments.......................................................................3.The work-disincentive results of the experiments.........A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
.............................4.What the experiments could not measure.............................................135.Political and media perceptions A Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionhical references A (a sampling of non-academic articles on the NIT experiments).25Bibliography B: Academic Articles on the NIT Experiments...............................27List of tablesTable 1. Summary of the negative income tax experiments in the United States and Canada...List of figuresFigure 1. A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionAcademic articles published each year on the NIT experiments (includes working papers, journal articles, and book chapters)...........................A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
...................Figure 2. The work disincentive effect.................................................14Figure 3. Workers receiving NIT...........A Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionletely elastic demand....................................................17Figure 6. The range of possible market responses to a given horizontal shift in the supply of labour............................................................................ 18AbstractThis paper examines the labour mar A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionket findings of the negative income tax experiments of the 1970s, and their impact on the public policy debate in the United States. Although both sidA Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
e of the debate use statistics from the experiments to back up their arguments, the results are much more complex and less conclusive than one would hA Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionion that the results were much more conclusive than they actually were.Thanks to: Philippe Van Parijs, Michael Grossman, Robert Haveman, Robert Moffit, David Greenberg, and Robinson Hollister.1. IntroductionBetween 1968 and 1980, the United States Government conducted four negative income tax (NIT) A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionexperiments, and the Canadian government conducted one. They were designed to test the effects of a guaranteed income, which unconditionally assures aA Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
ll citizens some minimal level of income. The growing debate today about the basic income guarantee today is greatly affected by the labour market finA Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion on the negative income tax as tested in the experiments the similarity between the two is so great that any conclusive findings from the experiments would be of great value for the current discussion. However, both basic income supporters and opponents quote the findings of these experiments with e A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionqual conviction.At least 345 scholarly articles have been written on these experiments, but there is no clear consensus on what they implied for policA Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
y. The experimental results have been cited both by supporters and opponents of the redistribution of income as evidence for the workability or the unA Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionn declared in the Journal of Labour Economics, “Few adverse effects have been found to date. Those adverse effects found, such as work response, are smaller than would have been expected without experimentation.” But in the same issue or the same journal, Anderson and Block speculated why social sci A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionentists continue to support the NIT "in the face of an avalanche of negative results” provided by the experiments.Political perceptions of the experimA Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
ents have been equally confused. The experiments received attention in the popular press in a few brief periods in the 1970s, most particularly in 197A Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionosal. The dozens of technical reports including large amountsof data were simplified down (0 two statements: It decreased work effort and it increased divorce.Dozens of editorials appeared in newspapers around the country criticizing the government for spending millions of dollars simply to show tha A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opiniont people work less when you pay people not to work. The meaning of the results has been disputed by scholars, but the neither the results nor the disaA Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
greements about the results were understood by politicians or the media. Part of the reason for this misunderstanding is the natural difficulty of preA Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl Widerquis A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinionpresented bottom line results without clearly communicating just what these results did and did not show.This paper examines the labour market results of the NIT experiments to determine what conclusions, if any, can be drawn from them conclusively, and how well these conclusions have been perceived A Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion by the media and the scholarly community. Part one summarizes the experiments. Part three discusses the ability of estimates of the work-disincentiveA Failure to Communicate The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion
effect to determine the market equilibrium outcome of a national policy.A Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl WiderquisA Failure to Communicate:The Labor Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public OpinionKarl WiderquisGọi ngay
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