Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
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Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
Reality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007nt individuals from the developing world took a forceful position. Bhagwati, the world's preeminent trade economist, and his co-signatories argued that labor rights should not be linked to the WTO or to any other trade agreement. To these men and women, labor rights were non trade issues and should Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007not be allowed to “contaminate" trade rules.1 UN Secretary General Kofi Annan as well as trade officials from Thailand and the Philippines seconded thAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
is point of view.2The signatories were responding to longstanding efforts by policymakers, activists, and academics, mainly from the industrialized woReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007orestall any direct linkage of labor rights and trade in the WTO.1 See Jagdish Bhagwati et al. "Third World Intellectuals and NGOs Statement Against Linkage" http://64.233.161 ■ 104.'search?q=cache:Mu7ru9z3-XU;www.CQlumbia.edu'Tb38.'TWlN_S.AL.pdf-dũrd-WQrldTntdleưuals-and^GQs+SuiemgiM-A£ains rLiiĩkd Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007ge%E29tôO%9D&lll=eũ&gl=US&Cl-Clnk&Cd= 1. last searched 9/12/06. The letter was published in August 1999. The signatories claimed that they presented aAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
developing country point of view. They asserted that arguments for including labor standards in trade agreements are made by one of two groups: politReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007 are misguided because their actions may force poor workers out of their jobs without providing a viable alternative. The authors concluded that the end result of trade-based labor standards, whether protectionist or morally motivated, is to protect developed country firms from developing country co Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007mpetition. Also see Jagdish Bhagwati “Trade Liberalization and ‘Fair Trade’ Demands: Addressing the Environmental and Labour Standards Issues," Ubr/dAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
Economy, Vol. 18 (745-759). Nov. 1995 and Jagdish Bhagwati. "After Seattle: Free Trade and the WTO." International Affairs. Vol. 77.1 (15-29). 2001.• Reality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007iefing 11/1/ 1999, fns 1-3; at hupL'.'b'WW.ppiQnline.Qrg:'ppL0.t:fni?knlgArealD=LQ8&sub5eclD=128&t:QntentlD=649; also see CUTS International. “Campaign on Linkages." CUTS Panel Discussion: Labor Linkage from the Viewpoint of Trade Sanctions. 6X2Ơ'2OOO. www.ailS-lmematiQaal.Qrg'linkagtt-meeiill£-29.1 Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007imi. both last searched 8'30'2006.© Aaronson, not to be used or attributed without permission, saaronson2@verizon.net2Some 7 years on, however, many dAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
eveloping countries participate in trade agreements which include labor rights language -and increasingly labor rights conditions. They do so under trReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007cludes labor rights. The US has preferential agreements Willi some 140 developing countries with labor rights conditionality. Moreover, the EU has bilateral agreements with over 15 countries.3 The US has free trade agreements (FTAs) that include labor standards conditions with 4 countries; pending F Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007TAs with 12 more; and as of July 2006 is negotiating with 5 countries. All of these bilaterals have labor rights conditions.4 Between the United StateAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
s and the EU, at least 150 countries participate in trade agreements with labor rights conditions.This article explores how the US and the EU have madReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007mple. I begin with an overview of efforts at the international level to link labor rights and trade. I keep this story brief, as many other scholars have delineated this history. Next, I discuss what the EU and the US do topromote labor rights abroad. Both trade powerhouses use access to their huge Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007markets as an inducement to change labor rights practices at the firm and governmental level within their trade partners. I stress that despite theirAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
shared objective, EU and US policymakers take very different approaches; these approaches are essentially “branded." On the other side of the equationReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007a, Turkey, the Mediterranean Association Agreements (Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Lebanon, Palestinian Authority), Chile and Mexico,4The pending FTAs (DR-CAFTA, Bahrain, Oman. Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, and Colombia) have not been ratified by all patties to the agieements. Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007The U.S. Is currently negotiating with Panama, Korea. Thailand, Malaysia, and the L AE.© Aaronson, not to be used or attributed without permission, saAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
aronson2@verizon.net3recipients of labor rights conditionality. But they have accepted such conditions in order to maintain good trade relations with Reality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007accessions, trade policy reviews, and discussions of procurement policies.In this article, 1 define labor lights as the ability of individuals “to claim freely and on the basis ol equality of opportunity their fair share of the wealth which they have helped to generate." Governments are obligated to Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007 ensure that individuals are not forced or compelled to work; children ate not made to work; individuals have freedom of association and the right toAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
collective bargaining; and are not discriminated against in employment and occupation?A Very Brief History of Trade and Labor linksAs long and men andReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007from wheal to wine.6 But these traders often lived in fear; when they engaged in trade they risked being captured, sold as slaves or enslaved by pirates.In the centuries that followed, policymakers around the globe developed a wide range of approaches to govern the behavior of states and citizens at Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007 die intersection of trade and labor rights. Often one slate would act anil challenge (or inspire) others to'All members of the 1LO whether or not theAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
y liave signed dll die conventions arc obligated to adhere to the Ito Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Its Follow-Up, adopReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007-12: March 2003,8, 14-16. This interesting study attempts to meld economics and archeology. Also see Clarence 11. Wagner Jr. “Commerce in the Bible, Israel: Crossroads of the East," at www.hi idgesfoi-peace.comipuhlications dispatch eveiydaylife .-.lasT searched 8'25'2000.' Pilates wanted people mor Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007e than goods because they could sell poor people as slaves and rich people tor ransom.© Aaronson, no< to be used or attributed without permission, saaAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
ronson2@verizon.net4follow. For example, after England banned the slave trade in 1807, it signed treaties withPortugal, Denmark, and Sweden to supplemReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007and Canada adopted similar bans. Ever so gradually, these national laws inspired international cooperation.3In the twentieth century, policymakers began to recognize the need to root protection for human rights in international law. For example, the signatories of the Versailles Treaty tried to engi Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007neer a peace that would both stabilize Europe and protect various minority groups. They also pledged to “endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humaAaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
ne conditions of labour...in all countries in which their commercial and industrial relations extend.” To meet that goal, they created an InternationaReality Bites The Myth of Labor Rights as a Non-trade Issue Susan Ariel AaronsonIntroduction:In 1999, economist Jagdish Bhagwati and 98 other prominen Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007egime that would help improve labor standards. With the Atlantic Charter, the Allies pledged to establish a peace with the objective of securing improved labor standards.6 * * * 10 But they were unable to gain approval of an international organization that could govern trade, investment, and employm Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007ent (the6 Susan Ariel Aaronson, Taking Tiade K> the Streets; The Lra HiM9iy of Global Efforts 19 ShapeGlobalization (Ann Arbor: Michigan, 2001), 36, 4Aaronson-Reality-Bites-Myth-of-Labor-Rights-Jan-2007
4.9Percy Bidwell, The Invisible Tariff: A Study of the Control of Imports into the United States. (New York:Council on Foreign Relations, 1939). 111-1Gọi ngay
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