DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTer of Science(Civil and Environmental Engineering)at theUNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON37742(Updated August 2003)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI would like to express my sincere appreciation to my advisor. Dr. Keith K. Knapp for his advice, encouragement, patience and support throughout my entire study and researc DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTh activity at University of Wisconsin-Madison. I would also like to thank Robert E. Rolley from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and MatDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
t Rauch. Richard Lange, Andrew Schilling, Timothy McClain, and Mary Kunkel from Wisconsin Department of Transportation for their valuable assistance wDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTtly, I would like to express my appreciation to my father, my mother, and my friends who have encouraged and supported my study and made my work possible.iABSTRACTAbout 20.000 Deer-Vehicle Crashes (DVCs) are reported along the roadways of Wisconsin each year. Deer crossing (DC) signs are widely used DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT as countermeasures tor DVCs throughout the United States and Wisconsin. Die typical assumption is that these signs designate a roadway segment that hDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
as a large number of DVCs and deer crossings. Previous studies of DC signs have focused on the impacts of enhancements to them, and typically assumed DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTsome quantitative guidance for DC sign installation and a few jurisdictions have DVC related criteria for installation, but no studies were found that supported the basis of these criteria. The purpose of this research is to help better define the DVC problem in Wisconsin, and investigate the DVC pa DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTtterns within the selected study segments with DC signs. Procedure guideline for the installation of DVC signs is also recommended.Twelve deer carcassDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
removal (DCR) and DVC frequencies and rales, along with DCR lo DVC ratio, were calculated for each county in Wisconsin. The magnitude of the DVC probDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTta had the DCR to DVC ratio between 0.93 and 4.90. while the others ranged from 6.53 to 49.33. Then the 12 DCR and DVC measures were ranked tor the 58 counties. The top ten counties within the 12iihttps://khothuvien.cori!lists were discussed. Sixteen counties were considered to have more than typica DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTl DVC issues were presented, and five counties were selected from the sixteen counties for this research, which included Adams. Dane. Sauk. Waupaca anDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
d Shawano County.Seventy-six DC sign installation locations in the five counties were selected for this study. The 1996 to 1998 DVC data within two miDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT sign pairs. Twenty-two of the CASs had single IX' sign pairs and eight included two DC sign pairs for each CAS. The average overall length of the 30 CASs was 7.9 miles with an average roadway segment length between the DC signs of 3.5 miles, and an average length outside the DC signs of 4.4 miles.T DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTwenty-eight of the 30 CASs had higher DVC rates (DVCs per HMVMT) between the DC signs than the state average. Twenty-five CASs had higher than state aDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
verage DVC rates outside the DC signs. The average DVC rate between the DC signs was more than five times the state average. And the average DVC rate DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT. Twenty-two of the 30 sites had an average DVC rate between the DC signs that was higher than the county average, and 18 had an average DVC rate outside the DC signs higher than the county average. However, DVC frequency (DVCs per mile per year) average between the DC signs was 14 times the state a DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTverage, and the outsideiiifrequency average was 10 times the state average. The average DVC frequencies between and outside the DC signs in ail the CADEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
Ss were also higher than the county averages. These results indicate that this research considered sign locations with higher than average DVC frequenDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTutside these signs was evaluated with a paired T-test. The T-test results indicated that the DVC frequencies and rates between the DC signs of the CASs were significantly greater than those outside the DC signs. A comparison of these differences for the single and multiple DC pair CASs showed that t DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENThe average DVC frequency and rate differences for the multiple pair CASs, were 120 and 75 percent higher. respectively, than the average DVC comparablDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
e differences in the single DC sign pair CASs. In other words, a greater reduction in DVCs from between the DC signs to outside the DC signs occurred DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTysis was also conducted on its significance, however no significant differences were found. Additional research is needed to determine if multiple signs truly impact the DVC patterns between and near the signs.The 38 sign pairs identified in this study were also categorized into positive, negative, DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTand conflicting sign locations based on their DVC patterns. Four DVC measures, the peak 1/4-mile DVC frequency and rate, and the peak average DVC freqDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
uency and rate, wereivinvestigated for each segment of each site. Fourteen DC sign pairs that had all four measures between the DC signs were selectedDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTwere the focus of the further safety measure investigation. For example, all the PSLs had both between to outside DVC frequency and rate ratios higher (han 1.16, with average of 2.15 and 2.52. respectively. The average DVC frequency between the DC signs of the PSLs was 3.62 DVCs per mile per year, a DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTnd the average DVC rate for the same segments was 244.5 DVCs per HMVMT. These results were used in the creation of the DC sign installation guidance pDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENT
rocedure recommended in this research.Recommendations were made on the future research and data collection, such as between to outside sign DVC measurDEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMaste DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS AND DEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTst was received in Wisconsin. The procedure limitations were also presented.DEER-VEHICLE CRASH PATTERNS ANDDEER CROSSING SIGN PLACEMENTbyXin YiA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofMasteGọi ngay
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