RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
BELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCENSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEJordan B. Peterson*ABSTRACTh is commonly held that the idea of natural rights originated with the ancient Greeks, and was given lull form by more modem philosophers such as John l/>ckc, who believed that natural rights were apprehensible primarily to reason. The probl RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEem with this broad position is threefold: first, it is predicated on the presumption that the idea of lights Ls modern. biologic ally speaking (only tRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
wenty three hundred years separates us from the Greeks, and three hundred from the English liberals;': second, it makes it appear that reason and righBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEnsequence, the most cherished presumptions of the West remain castles in the air. historically and philosophically speaking. This perceived weakness of foundation makes sixieties gniundcd on com rptkxw of natural right vulnerable tn criticism ami attack in the most dangerous of manners. Most of the RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEI Joodii-st battles and moral catastrophe' of the twentieth century were a consequenie of disagreement between groups of peopK who had different ratioRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
nally-derived notions of what exactly' constituted an inalienable right (“from each according to his ability, to each according to his need"). If natuBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE/historical perspective with regards to the development of human individuality and society allows for the generation of a dcq> solution to this problem one dependent on a transformation of ontology, much as moral vision. Such a solution grounds the concept of sovereignty and natural right hack into RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEthe increasingly implicit and profoundly religious soil from whic h it originally emerged, and provides a rock-solid foundation for explicit Western cRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
laims for the innate dignity of man.The Constituent Elements of ExperienetImagine for a moment that the human environment is not merely what is objectBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCElogy, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street. 4th H«x»r, Toronto, Ontario. Canada, M.ĨS 3G3. jordanpetereon@yahoo.comBELZEW.f10_133-18Ú 4/10/06 7:55 PM Page136JORDAN B. PETERSONepoch (Cosmidcs & l ooby, 1987). Imagine, instead, something entirely different, paradigmatically diilcrent. Imagine RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEthat the hitman environment might be better considered “what is and has always been common to all domains of human experience, regardless of spatial lRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
ocale or temporal frame.” lite environment, construed in such a manner, consists not of objects, but of phenomenological constants (although it still BELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEin a conversation -or even when one person attempts to understand himself.All human beings arc destined by the nature of their being, for example, to experience certain emotions: fear, anger, happiness, disgust, curiosity, surprise, lire universality of these emotions makes them axiomatic: because t RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEhey arc experienced, they do not have to be explained. Their experience at a time and a place merely has to be stated, for mutual understanding to begRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
in. A multiplicity of motivational states is constant, equally: lust, jealousy, envy, hunger, thirst, the wish for play, and the desire for power, to BELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEhe category of “material world” is too narrow and too precisely specified. The category of “material world" is a mere subset of the raw fact of being. 1’hc phenomenological world of being consists as much or more of environmental meaning, for example, as it docs of environmental object.Phenomenologi RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEcally considered, all human beings have their existence in nature but it is nature benevolent and nurturing anti nature red in tooth and claw rather tRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
han nature as abstractly and objectively and distantly perceived. Thus construed, nature is the eternal susceptibility of the human organism to mortalBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEed reaches of our being. 'Illis nature is paradoxical in meaning, intrinsically: simultaneously creative and destructive, as it offers both life and death; simultaneously immanent and transcendent (as what is nature can always be found at the extreme reaches of our conditional knowledge, no matter w RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEhat that knowledge is of).Phenomenologically considered, all human beings also have their existence in culture. We arc social beings, axiomatically. ORELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
ur being presupposes culture. Our period of dependence upon parental henev-BELZEN.f10_133-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK PageRELIGION. SOVEREIGNTY NATURAL RIGHTSBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEn that begins with our birth and that simultaneously stretches back into the dim reaches of prehistoric time. This culture, phenomenologically speaking, is not a pafi'uular culture, but the fact of culture itself. Traces of previous civilization, embedded in the here and now, shape our very consciou RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEsness, molding it, granting it linguistic ability, providing it with a plethora of preformed concepts, artifacts and objects. Traces of previous civilRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
ization also constrain our consciousness, tyrannizing it, corrupting it, and limiting it, as one shape is forced upon US, rather than the many other sBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEed. Its nature can only be communicated in part. Our pain is therefore frequently only our own, and so an- our joys. Our births and deaths are individual births and deaths. Whatever creative realm we might inhabit exists at least in part uniquely within US. Furthermore, we an- self-conscious, so out RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE individuality is apparent to US —and the fact of that appearance colors our experience incradicably. Individual being is our greatest gift and our moRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
st appalling curse. As a gift, self-consciousness is conceived of as the very image of God reflected within us. As a curse, self-consciousness is unbeBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEas experienced therefore manifests itself naturally to understanding, action and conception, in three categories: nature, culture, individual: unknown, known, knower. Each of these categories appears to consciousness as a paradoxical and ambivalent unity, positive and negative (Peterson, 1999). It i RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEs the continual apprehension of this complex paradox that accounts for the central existential problems that universally characterize human existence—RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
that accounts for the nature of our postlapsarian selves. Every individual is faced with the vagaries of the natural world, and everything that remainBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEemands. Finally, each individual is faced with the fact of his capacity for transcendence, restricted terribly by the limits of mortal vulnerability. Regardless of when- the individual is situated in time or in space regardless of nature or culture theseBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paae138JORD RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEAN B. PETERSONarc his problems. His path of life is therefore necessarily characterized by comedy or tragedy, as he confronts the constituent elementsRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
of experience, as he solves or fails to solve the essential problems of life. It is for such reasons that the nature of human experience manifests itBELZEN_fl0_133-180 4/10X06 7:55 PN PaaeARTICLESKHOTHUVIEN.COMBELZEN_f10_13ỉ-180 4/10/06 7:55 PK Paa*RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CON RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE of a highly social creature, with a constant family structure: the primary or base-level category of mother, part of our ancient mammalian heritage, broadened With the help of our more powerful cortex to encapsulate the natural world itself; the primary category of father, broadened in the same man RELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCEner to include the entire patriarchal social structure characteristic of our species; and the primary category of self, broadened to include the indivRELIGION, SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL RIGHTS, AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCE
idual, as such, struggling endlessly with the primordial forces of nature and culture.This is the world that makes up religious reality, as well phenoGọi ngay
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