The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
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The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
FI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition/cogpsychThe phonological-distributional coherence hypothesis: Cross-linguistic evidence in language acquisitionPadraic Monaghan a‘*. Morten H. Christiansen b. Nick Chaterc* Department of Psychology, University of York. York, YOU) 5DD, UK h Department of Psychology. Cornell University. Ithaca. A1)' The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition1485J. USAc Department of Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC!E6IÌT, UKAccepted 19 December 2006Available online 8 FebruarThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
y 2007AbstractSeveral phonological and prosodic properties of words have been shown to relate to differences between grammatical categories. DistributFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionoperate in tandem for developing the child’s knowledge about grammatical categories. We term this the Phonological-Distributional Coherence Hypothesis (PDCH). Wc tested the PDC1I by analysing phonological and distributional information in distinguishing open from closed class words and nouns from ve The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionrbs in four languages: English, Dutch. French, and Japanese. We found an interaction between phonological and distributional cues for all four languagThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
es indicating that when distributional cues were less reliable, phonological cues were stronger. This provides converging evidence that language is stFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition child’s language environment is less impoverished than we might suspect.© 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.ừ This research was supported by Human Frontiers of Science Program Grant RGP0177/2001-B. We are grateful to Marjolein Mcrkx of the University of Warwick lor assistance in preparing the The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionDutch corpus. Luca Onnis of Cornell University for assistance in preparing the French corpus, and Mikihiro Tanaka of Edinburgh University and Yuki KamThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
ide of Dundee University for assistance with the Japanese corpus and analyses.Corresponding author. Fax: +44 1904 433181.E-mail addresses: PA1onaghaniFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition06.12.001260p. Monaghan el al. / Cognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259-305Keywords: Language acquisition: Syntactic bootstrapping; Phonology; Distributional information: Poverty of the stimulus1IntroductionLearning grammatical categories is essential in order for the child to develop an understanding o The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionf the relationships between sounds in a spoken sentence and objects and actions in the world around them (Gentner, 1982). Knowledge of the patterns deThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
termining which words can relate to objects, which to actions, and which modify the relationships between these objects and actions is an imperative iFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionSome theorists argue that these constraints encode a complete grammar of human natural language, aside from a finite set of parametric variations that define the structural differences between languages (e.g.. Baker. 2001: Chomsky. 1965. 1981: Crain & Lillo-Martin. 1999). From this perspective, the The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionentire grammatical machinery of natural language is innate—and hence the set of possible syntactic categories, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, andThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
so on. must similarly be innate. The child's task, under this view, is to learn which words belong to which syntactic categories.Alternatively. PinkeFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionerties of the language in terms of distributional co-occurrence information. Thus, for the noun/verb distinction, the child has innately specified information in terms of nouns referring to objects, and verbs referring to actions. These semantic referents then constrain the child’s search for releva The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionnt correlations in the language to which she is exposed, and also, according to Pinker, provide an explanation for why such correlations between surfaThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
ce distributional properties and semantic features occur in natural languages (e.g.. that nouns and verbs occur in different distributional contexts).FI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitiond to explain how the child knows which distributional contexts are the relevant ones to examine.” Whether the innately specified language structure is syntactic or semantic, the child also faces a further task: learning which grammatical categories are realized in the language, given that not all po The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionssible categories occur in all languages (e.g.. Croft. 2003; Dixon. 1977). According to some recent, and influential, linguistic analyses, the child'sThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
task, under the nativist position, may be more complex than previously assumed due to the extraordinary variety of fine-grained syntactic categories FI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionecified is typically based, at least in part, on the assumption that there is insufficient evidence in the child's language environment to enable these properties to be learned from the language itself. That is, nativist viewpoints concerning the origins of syntactic categories typically rely, to so The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionme degree, on arguments from the “poverty of the stimulus” (e.g.. Chomsky. 1980; though see Pullum & Scholz. 2002). Under the semantic bootstrapping aThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
ccount, for instance, it is claimed that learning the correlations between grammatical categories and distributional information of their usage ought FI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition is possible in children younger than twop. Monaghan el al. I Cognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305261years of age when no semantic, referential information was available. Their participants learned to distinguish grammatical from ungrammatical gender-marked nouns after brief exposure to examples o The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionf the language, but only under conditions where there were two partially overlapping phonological cues to the grammatical distinction.Such category leThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
arning from correlational information alone has only been shown in relatively restricted domains. The search space for correlations in natural languagFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition—such as the serial positions and adjacency and co-occurrence relations among words are in general linguistically irrelevant." If learning from natural languages is unconstrained from a source other than distributional information, then the child may well learn correlations that are inconsistent wit The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionh the language. Thus, from John eats meal, John eats slowly, and The meat is good. the child incorrectly infers that The meat is slowly is also an accThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
eptable expression, though see Cartw right and Brent (1997) for a distributionally-based solution to this problem. Thus it is possible that participanFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitiontesting sequences that are consistent but illegal in artificial languages the extent to which distributional learning alone is constrained has not been fully established.There are. however, alternative sources of constraints on learning the correlations from distributional information, due to the re The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionlationship between prosodic and phonological properties of speech and syntactic structure (Morgan & Newport. 1981). For example. Cooper and Paccia-CooThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
per (1980) indicated that in natural speech phrase structure was related to prosodic properties, though prosodic cues were not found to distinguish beFI.SF.VIERAvailable online at v/ww.sciencedirect.com*%* ScienceDirectCognitive Psychology 55 (2007) 259 305CognitivePsychologywww.elsevier.com/locate/ The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitionlly, 1992: Monaghan, Chafer, & Christiansen. 2005). as well as in gender as noted in Gerken et al. (2005). However. for the phonological and prosodic constraints to qualify potentially as an essential constraint on learning grammatical categories, these cross-modal correlations have to be observed a The phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisitioncross all languages. In this paper, we argue that the child's language environment is not as impoverished as has been assumed, if one considers a variThe phonological distributional coherence hypothesis cross linguistic evidence in language acquisition
ety of sources of information in the speech signal other than only information about word identity and word order. We make the case that multiple cuesGọi ngay
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