Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
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Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 rmany2Technische Unrversitat Berlin, Next Generation Networks (AV), Berlin, Germany11.1 IntroductionWithin industrial use cases, computers were introduced over the last decades, mainly to fulfill specific requirements, such as meeting hard real-time response times or operating reliably in very rough Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 environments. Their task was, and still is, to automate physical control loops, to process input signals, and trigger actuation signals based on thisInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
collected information. These systems are part of the Operational Technology' (O'T). Respective fields of application include energy, health care, man293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 tion domains and their benefits cannot be argued away.Nowadays, however, we live in a connected world. Networks of devices, processes, and services constantly exchange data with each other and enable the cooperation for a common task. Under the umbrella of the Internet of Things (loT) (Ashton, 2009) Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 , the number of interconnected devices is expected to grow exponentially toward 30 billion devices until 2020 (Markit, 2016). As described in the formInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
er chapters, this development will be a large driver for economic growth within the foreseeable future. For example, Woodsite Capital Partners estimat293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 rate (CAGR) in the forecast period (Woodside Capital Partners, 2015).Arguably, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) (Jeschke et al., 2017) will be the biggest driver of productivity in the future. This concept, that is, the usage of loT technologies within industrial domains is also called the Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 Industrial Internet and the related market value is estimated to reach 124 billion USD by 2021 at a high CAGR (IndustryARC, 2016). Therefore, in GermaInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
ny, for example, 80% of296 I ì Ì The Industrial Internet of Thingsall industry corporations will already have their value chain digitized by 2020 (Pri293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 the topic of digitization in more detail: A 40% share of worldwide manufacturing is already held by developing countries and they have doubled their share in the last two decades (Roland Berger Strategy' Consultants, 2014); Western Europe, on the other hand, has lost over 10% of its manufacturing sh Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 are.Following the definition of Gartner,1 2 or causes a change through direct monitoring and control of physical devices. or is traditionally associatInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
ed with industrial environments using nonnetworked embedded proprietary' technology that usually does not generate data for the enterprise. Informatio293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 munications. Therefore, OT and ICT systems have historically chosen different technological approaches, which makes the application of loT mechanisms a challenging task. Nevertheless, in order to enable a digital transformation across the industrial value chains, both worlds have to converge. A key Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 aspect in this regard is the interoperability between systems. Starting with technical aspects, such as connectivity mechanisms and communication protInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
ocols, this further includes syntactical and semantic conformity as well as organizational interoperability (van der Veer and Wiles, 2008). In order t293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 , and Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) work together on different layers.This chapter gives a general overview on the subject and provides the reader with an overall motivation behind the development of the IIoT and a classification of related technologies. Not only the most relevant use ca Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 ses with their predicted market values arc described, but also technological challenges and candidates to realize the IIoT vision are identified. FinaInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
lly, the work of the two most important alliances is illustrated. They aim at digitizing the whole industrial value chain across domain boundaries to 293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 will facilitate the invention of creative business models; it will be accompanied by the development of new and the adoption of existing loT technologies in more and more fields of application, and will finally enable the digital1http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/it-information-technology2httD://ww Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 w.2artner.com/it-21ossarv/oDeraUonal-technoloev-otì ì.2 Market Overview I 297networking of the whole value chain across multiple domains. In this sectInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
ion, a deeper insight into five related use cases within the most important verticals is provided. As with all attempts to look into the future, the f293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 in 2015 (Frost & Sullivan, 2016c) and as depicted in Figure 11.1, the revenue is expected to show a CAGR, between 2015-2020, of 5.3% resulting in a market volume of approximately 93 billion USD in 2020. Leading technologies will be Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMls), Demand Response (DR), Dis Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 tribution Grid Management (DGM), and Advanced Transmission Technology (ATT), while DGM will be the dominant segment with a 64% of the market share byInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
2020.As highlighted in Chapter 14, the energy market is evolving to a more efficient, cleaner, and flexible ecosystem. For example, the aim of the Par293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 ange. Energy generation accounts for 68% of the shares of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas3http://unfccc.int/paris agreement/items/9485.php298 I ì Ì The Industrial Internet of Things(GHG) (International Energy Agency, 2016), therefore, it is necessary to shift to a cleaner and efficient energy pr Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 oduction market. Renewable energy plants are being deployed ail over the world, but nevertheless, one of the biggest challenges of integrating variablInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
e energy sources, like Photovoltaic (PV) or wind energy, is the difficulty in balancing the grid in real time. Moreover, renewable plants are erected 293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 of variable and intermittent renewable resources, allow load adjustment and balancing, and distribute power over the network efficiently (ITU, 2012). The International Energy Agency (IEA) foresees that its share will reach at least a 26% increase in 2020 and IIoT technologies will change the utility Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 business models. AMls will allow a bidirectional power flow; hence, the customer will be able not only to consume but also to produce power, becomingInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
a “prosumer” (World Resources Institute, 2016). Demand side management (DSM) will improve the energy grid from the consumption side, for example, by 293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 lensky and Dietrich, 2011).11.2.2 HealthcareAs depicted in Figure 11.2, the global revenue in the health care market will grow from 86 billion USD in 2015 to 233 billion USD in 2020 and the projected CAGR is around 21% (Little, 2016)? With a market share of 44% by 2020, the wireless health segment w Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 ill be the most relevant one mainly driven by wireless sensors, handheld devices, and eHealth applications. The Organization for Economic Co-operationInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
and Development (OECD) reported that in 2014, 9.945% of the world gross domestic product (GDP) was spent on health, up to 0.144% since 2005? Circulat293Part IVApplication Domains29511The Industrial Internet of ThingsAlexander Willner1,2'Fraunhofer FOKtfS, Software-bated Networkt (NGNf), Berlin, Ger Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 0% of the causes of death.4 5 6 The World Health Organization (WHO) and its member states endorsed health care as a cost-effective and secure approach to strengthen the health care systems (WHO, 2005), and governments are focusing on making them more efficient and sustainable health care (Frost & Su Internet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2 llivan, 2016b). For instance, European Union health care policies pursue making health care tools useful and widely accepted by involving health careInternet of things a to z technologies and applications part 2
professionals and patients in the strategy, design, and implementation.74https://solarcity.com5http://data.worldbank.org6http://stats.oecd.orgGọi ngay
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