Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
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Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
BERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign formation CampaignYochai Benkler Casey Tilton Bruce Etling Hal Roberts Justin Clark Robert Faris Jonas KaiserCarolyn SchmittThis paper can be downloaded without charge at:The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society Research Publication Series: https://cyber.haivard.edu/publicaton/2020/Mail-in-Vo Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign ter-Fraud-Disinformation-2020The Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection:https://ssrn.com/abstract=370370123 Everett Street • SecoMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
nd Floor • Cambridge, Massachusetts 021381 617.495 7547 • + 1 617.495.7641 (fax) • http://cyber.iaw.harvard.edu/* cyber@iaw.harvard.eduarch paper has BERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign nformation Campaign Surrounding the Risk of Voter Fraud Associated with Mail-in Ballots Follows an Elite-Driven, Mass Media Model; Social Media Plays a Secondary Role in 2020.Yochai Benkler, Casey Tilton, Bruce Etling, Hal Roberts, Justin Clark, Robert Faris, Jonas Kaiser, and Carolyn SchmittSUMMARY Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign AND OVERVIEWThe claim that election fraud is a major concern with mail-in ballots has become the central threat to election participation during theMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
Covid-19 pandemic and to the legitimacy of the outcome of the election across the political spectrum. President Trump has repeatedly cited his concernBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign 020 suggests that nearly half of Republicans agree with the president that election fraud is a major concern associated with expanded mail-in voting during the pandemic. Few Democrats share that belief. Despite the consensus among independent academic and journalistic investigations that voter fraud Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign is rare and extremely unlikely to determine a national election, tens of millions of Americans believe the opposite. This is a study of the disinformMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
ation campaign that led to widespread acceptance of this apparently false belief and to its partisan distribution pattern. Contrary to the focus of moBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign both participation in and the legitimacy of the 2020 election, was an elite-driven, mass-media led process. Social media played only a secondary and supportive role.Our results are based on analyzing over fifty-five thousand online media stories, five million tweets, and seventy-five thousand posts Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign on public Facebook pages garnering millions of engagements. They are consistent with our findings about the American political media ecosystem from 2Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
015-2018, published in Network Propaganda, in which we found that Fox News and Donald Trump's own campaign were far more influential in spreading falsBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign nald Trump's position as president and his leadership of the Republican Party allow him to operate directly through political and media elites, rather than relying on online media as he did when he sought to advance his then-still-insurgent positions in 2015 and the first half of 2016.Our findings h Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign ere suggest that Donald Trump has perfected the art of harnessing mass media to disseminate and at times reinforce his disinformation campaign by usinMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
g three core standard practices of professional journalism. These three are: elite institutional focus (if the President says it, it's news);1 Work onBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign sity. The project was funded by grants from Craig Newmark Philanthropies, the Ford Foundation, and the open Societies Foundations.1■reprint research paper has red. Electronic copy available at; https://ssm.com/abstract=37037iheadline seeking (if it bleeds, it leads); and balance, neutrality, or the Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign avoidance of the appearance of taking a side. He uses the first two in combination to summon coverage at will, and has used them continuously to set tMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
he agenda surrounding mail-in voting through a combination of tweets, press conferences, and television interviews on Fox News. He relies on the latteBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign ts the degree to which professional journalists in mass media organizations are willing or able to directly call the voter fraud frame disinformation. The president is, however, not acting alone. Throughout the first six months of the disinformation campaign, the Republican National Committee (RNC) Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign and staff from the Trump campaign appear repeatedly and consistently on message at the same moments, suggesting an institutionalized rather than indivMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
idual disinformation campaign. The efforts of the president and the Republican Party are supported by the right-wing media ecosystem, primarily Fox NeBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign se Republican leaders or any conservative media personalities who insist that there is no evidence of widespread voter fraud associated with mail-in voting.The primary cure for the elite-driven, mass media communicated information disorder we observe here is unlikely to be more fact checking on Face Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign book. Instead, it is likely to require more aggressive policing by traditional professional media, the Associated Press, the television networks, andMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
local TV news editors of whether and how they cover Trump's propaganda efforts, and how they educate their audiences about the disinformation campaignBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign and a peaceful transition of power, President Trump responded: "We're going to have to see what happens." "You know that I've been complaining very strongly about the ballots, and the ballots are a disaster," He repeated the assertion about voter fraud in mail-in ballots and doubled down on his ref Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign usal to commit to accept the results at the close of the presidential debate on September 29. His assertions about the risk of voter fraud are sharedMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
widely by Republican voters. A Pew poll published on September 16 found that "43% of Repub!Lcaos_Lde.niiiy fraud as_a_majo.!Lp_robleni with voting by BERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign outlets and no other sources, who made up about 30% of each of the two groups. Sixty-one percent of Republicans whose major source of news was only Fox News or talk radio thought voter fraud by mail was a major issue. Only 4% of Democrats whose source of news was only the New York Times, the Washin Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign gton Post, NPR, CNN, or MSNBC held the same belief. The gap between the two appears to reflect the roughly 30% of respondents vzho rely on network telMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
evision (ABC, NBC, CBS).2 A month earlier, on August 11, a Monmouth poll found that "Nearly all Democrats (90%) say expanding vote-by-mail is a good iBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign ia while 9% name China and 4% name another country" as an important source of possible? While Pew did not break the data up in the report, the data availab e on the site suggest that these respondents ranged from 20% of CBS viewers to 14% of NBC viewers, with 17% of ABC viewers asserting that fraud Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign is a major problem with mail-in votes, similar to CNN (16%), and quite different from either Fox and ta k radio (61%), on one side, or to MSNBC, New YMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
ork Times, or NPR, on the other side (3-4%).2reprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy availablem.com/abstract=3703701electioBERKMAN KLEIN CENTERFOR INTERNET & SOCIETY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITYResearch Publication No. 2020-6 October 2, 2020Mail-In Voter Fraud:Anatomy of a Disinf Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign l found that "A majority (55%) of GOP voters, on the other hand, believe the Democratic Party would be the most likely perpetrator of any election interference. Another possible cause named by Republicans is vote-by-mail (11%)." A Morning Consult poll fielded at the very beginning of August found th Mail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign at "57 percent of Republicans, said the country should not allow all citizens to participate via mail-in elections this year "because It jeopardizes eMail in voter fraud anatomy of a disinfomation campaign
lection security," and that only 27% of Republican voters thought that the election should proceed as planned and most voting should be by mail. By coGọi ngay
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