Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure epartment of Psychology, McGill University. Montreal. Quebec. Canada //3,4 ill ISteven Pinker <& Michelle HollanderDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge.MA 02139. U.S.A.Richard GoldbergDepartment of Psychology. University of Maryland. College Pa Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure rk. Ml) 20742. U.S.A.AbstractGropen. J.. Pinker, s.. Hollander. M-. and Goldberg. R . 1991. Affeclcdness and direct objects: The role of lexical semanAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
tics in the acquisition of verb argument structure Cognition 41: 153-195.How do speakers predict the syntax of a verb from Its meaning? Traditional th('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure which are linked onto a hierarchy of grammatical positions like subject, object and oblique"We thunk Kay Bock. Melissa Bowerman. Susan Carey. Eve Clark, Adele Goldberg, Jane Grimshaw. Beth Levin. Ken Wexler, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on an earlier draft We arc also gratefu Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure l to the directors, parents, and especially children of the following centers: Angier After School Program. Bowen After School Care Program, Children'Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
s Village, Creative Development Center. MIT Summer Day Camp. Needham Children's Community Center. Newton Community Service Center. Newton-Wellesley Ch('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure l, Leventhal-Sidman Jewish Community Center. Temple Beth Shalom. Underwood After School Program, and (he Zervas Program. This research is part of tire first author’s MIT doctoral dissertation It was supported by Nil I grant HD 1X381 to the second author, a grant from the Alfred P Sloan Foundation to Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure the Mir Center for Cognitive Science, and by an NIH N’RSA Postdoctoral Fellowship to the first author, which he held at the Department of LinguisticsAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
. Stanford University. .Michelle Hollander is now al the Department ot Psychology. University of Michigan. Requests for reprints should be sent to Jes('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure evier Science Publishers B.v.154 J, (iropctt et al.object. For verbs involving motion, the entity caused to move is defined as the "theme" or "patient" and linked to the object. However, this fails for many common verbs, as in ’fill water into the glass and ‘cover a sheet onto the bed. In more recen Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure t theories verbs' meanings are multidimensional structures in which the motions, changes, and other events can be represented in separate but connecteAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
d substructures; linking rides are sensitive to the position of an argument in a particular configuration. The verb's object would be linked not to th('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure of location, resulting front motion in a particular manner, or of state, resulting from accommodating or reacting to a substance. For example, pour specifies how a substance moves (downward in a stream), so its substance argument is the object (pour the water/‘glass); till Specifies how a container Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure changes (from not full to full), so its stationary container argument is the object (till the glass/‘water). The newer theory was tested in three expAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
eriments. Children aged 3;4-9;4 and adults were taught made-up verbs, presented in a neutral syntactic context (this is inooping). referring to a tran('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure r verbs where the items moved in a particular manner (e.g.. zig-zagging), people were more likely to express the moving items as the object; for verbs where the surface changed state (e.g.. shape, color, or fullness), people were more likely to express the surface as the object. This confirms that s Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure peakers are not confined to labeling moving entities as "themes" or "patients" and linking them to the grammatical object; when a stationary entity unAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
dergoes a state change as the result of a motion, it can be represented as the main affected argument and thereby linked to the grammatical object ins('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure speakers can sometimes exploit this pattern to predict form from meaning. Knowing that a verb to glip means "to shove with one's elbow”, an English speaker can confidently guess that it is a transitive verb whose agent argument is mapped onto the subject role and whose patient ("acted upon") argume Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure nt is mapped onto the object role. Thus the speaker would use the verb in John glipped the dog but not The dog glipped John or John glipped to the dogAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
. There is evidence that children can do this as well (see Gropcn. Pinker. Hollander. Goldberg. & Wilson. 1989: Pinker. 1984). Furthermore this proced('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure and direct nbịeciỊ 155generally subjects (Keenan, 1976). and patients are generally objects (Hopper & Thompson, 1980). What is not so obvious, however, is exactly what these linking regularities are or how they arc used.Early theories: l ists of primitive thematic rolesThe first theories of linking, Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure developed by Fillmore (1968). Gruber (1965). and Jackendoff (1972). shared certain assumptions. Each posited a list of primitive “thematic roles"-sucAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
h as agent, patient, theme (moving entity in a motion event), goal, source, and location - that specified the role played by the argument with respect('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure ct) according to some canonical scheme. Usually grammatical relations are arranged in a hierarchy like "subjcct-object-oblique” and thematic relations are arranged in a hierarchy like "agcnt-paticnt/themc-sourcc/location/goal". Then the thematic relations specified by the verb arc linked to the high Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure est available grammatical relation (see Bowerman, 1990; Grimshaw. 1990; Pinker. 1984; for reviews). Thus a verb with an agent and a theme would have aAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
subject and an object; a verb with an agent and a goal, or a theme and a goal, would have cither a subject and an object (c.g.. enter) or a subject a('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure ries of linking based on lists of primitive thematic roles were influential in both linguistic theory (e.g., Bresnan, 1982; Chomsky, 1981) and language acquisition research (e.g., Bowerman. 1982a; Marantz, 1982; Pinker. 1984) through the first half of the 1980s. until a number of problems became app Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure arent.First, the early theories predict that all verbs denoting a kind of event with a given set of participant types should display the same linkingAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
pattern, and that is not true. This is especially notable among “locative” verbs that refer to an agent causing an entity (the “content” or “figure" a('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure here arc some locative verbs, which we will call "figure-object" verbs, that display the standard linking pattern, where the moving entity gets mapped onto the direct object (c.g.. pour, as in pour water into the glass I * pour the glass with water). Others, which we will call "ground-object” verbs, Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure violate it (eg., fill, as in 'fill water into the glass!fill the glass with water). Some others, which we will call "alternators", permit both patterAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
ns (c.g., brush. as in brush butter onto the pan!brush the pan with butter).In some versions of the list-of-primilives theory, verbs that violate the ('ognũiơn. 41 (1991) 153-195Affectedness and direct objects: rhe role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure*Jess GropenDe Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure e the predictive156 J Gropcn Cl at.power of the theory, hut its predictions do not seem to be true. Supposedly noncanonical ground-object forms may in fact be more numerous than those with the supposedly canonical figure-object syntax (Gropcn. Pinker. Hollander. & Goldberg. 199k Rappaport & Levin. 1 Affectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure 985). and both kinds arc acquired al the same time (Bowerman. 1991); Pinker. 1989). Similarly, many analyses of the dative alternation take the preposAffectedness and direct objects the role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure
itional form (e.g.. gzve the hook to him) as unmarked because the theme is the object and goal is an oblique object, and the double-object form (c.g..Gọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook