Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
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Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
HỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers UCTIONHouses for intensive poultry production likely contain very high concentrations of airborne contaminants that may negatively affect human and animal health. However, very little IS known of the relations between concentrations, size, nature and composition of airborne particles on animal healt Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers h in intensive livestock housing. Also, mechanisms of responses of animals to unhygienic conditions such as airborne particles, and adaptation responsEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
es are unknown. It is likely that animals under high pressure for production such as broiler chickens may be affected severely by continuous antigenicHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers mmune system of broilers, and consequently disease resistance and performance (in this case growth). The objectives of this book to address 1) dust concentrations and particle size distribution present in counts and in mass inside (and around) animal houses: 2) whether dust or its components (with e Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers mphasis on pathogen associated molecular patterns or PAMP) affect the immune competence and specific immune response of broilers after challenge via tEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
he respiratory tract at different ages; 3) whether broilers may adapt to respiratory challenge with dust and its different components, and particle siHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers nd 10 um (fluorescent-labelled polystyrene) particles as a model for localization and transport of dust particles in the body of broilers after challenge via the respiratory route.11COM EM Schapter 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION.......................1chapter!. SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF AIRBORNE PARTICLES IN AN Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers IMALHOUSES................................................15chapter 3. Eh EEC IS OE DUST AND AIRBORNE-Dl JS T-COMPONEN IS ONANTIBODY RESPONSES or BROIEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
LERS........................40Chapter 4. EFFECTS or REPEATED INTRATRACI IEALLY ADMINISTERED LIPOPOLYSAC C HARIDE ON ANTIBODY RESPONSES OE BROII ERS.62HỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers ANTIFICATION OF FLUORESCENTBEADS IN CHICKEN......................................115liiChapter 1GENERAL INTRODUCTIONPoultry meat is high in protein and low in fat. is the second most widely eaten meat in the world, after pork, and accounts for 30% of world meat production (Raloff. 2003). In 2010. 81 Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers million tons of poultry meat were delivered to the global market, with the US as leading producer, contributing 16.8 million tons (USDA. 2011). In thEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
e Netherlands. 103 million chickens were reared in 2010 on approximately 3000 chicken farms, which contributed 0.75 million tons of chicken meat to thHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers rticulate matter (PM) emissions (Chardon and Van de Hoek. 2002). Intensive poultry production contributes over 50% to total PM emission from livestock production in the Europe (EMEP-CORINA1R.. 2007).Besides the high PM emission rates, one of the main problems in intensive poultry production in tempe Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers rate areas IS the bad air quality in poultry houses, which IS caused by low ventilation rates, especially in winter time. Poultry houses have been fouEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
nd to have the highest dust concentrations of all livestock houses (Wathes er al.. 1998). Dust production is especially high in floor systems with bedHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers fare demands probably affect air quality inside poultry houses. This aspect of animal welfare, which could seriously affect animal health, is often ignored or given little attention.Airborne dust in livestock houses may cause respứatory diseases in farmers and veterinarians (Andersen ef al. 2004; Do Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers nliam. 1993; Radon er al., 2001; Vogelzang et al.. 1997). The dust in livestock houses has been characterized to some extent in terms of its concentraEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
tion and its particle shape, particle size, density, and source (Cambra-Lopez er al.. 2011a: 2011b). An airborne particle may contain many microorganiHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers al.. 1996; Simecek er al.. 1986: Seedorf er al.. 1998). Furthermore, some components present in microorganisms can be very harmful for human and animal health. The main harmful components in1airborne dust that have been described are endotoxins, lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 0-glucansEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
ginating from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, LTA are components from gram-positive bacteria. BGL originate from fungi, chitin is derived froHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers iratory morbidity and mortality. Aerial gaseous pollutants, e.g. ammonia and odorous compounds, are also found in dust panicles and these compounds can also affect human and animal health (Al Homidan and Robertson. 2003. Bolhuis er al.. 2003).Dust concentrations in animal houses are generally 10 to Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers 100 times higher than concentrations in the outdoor environments (Zhang, 2004a). Concentrations of airborne dust have been measured in various snidiesEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
(Cambra-Lopez er al., 2009; Heber er al.. 2006; Aamink er al.. 2004; Aarmnk. er al.. 2011). Regarding intensive poultry production in closed housing HỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers 3.6 mg m3 for particles smaller than 100 pm.Airborne dust from animal houses is mainly comprised of organic matter (up to 90%); the rest is inorganic (Aarnink er al.. 1999. Seedorf and Hartung. 2001). Organic dust originates from feedstuff, manure, bedding, animal skin, feathers, and microorganisms Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers (Aannnk et al.. 1999; Martin er al.. 1996). The contribution of each of these sources depends on several factors, such as housing system, type of beddEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
ing material, ventilation system, and animal activity, and it varies, depending on dust particle size (Heber er al.. 1988b; Takai er al., 1998; DonhamHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODU Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers Wieser (1987) reported that airborne dust in a floor layer system mainly originated from bedding material in the litter.Endotoxin (LPS) is one of the major components of organic dust in animal houses that affects health. Endotoxins have proven to be harmful for fanners and their neighbours (Skorska Effects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers et al.. 200"; Muller er al., 2004; Schenker. 2004; Eduard er al.. 2009). LPS is present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. In the NetherEffects of airborne particle on the immune system of broilers
lands, rhe advised limit of the endotoxin level during an average 8-hour working day is 90 endotoxin units per m3 (EU nr3) (- 9 ng nr3) (The Health CoHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODUHỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAMLAI THI LAN HUONGEFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLE ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERSAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PRESS - 2017INTRODUGọi ngay
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