Principles of scientific management
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Principles of scientific management
Principles of scientific management
Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management are three questions uppermost in the minds of men when they become interested in scientific management.First. Wherein do the principles of scientific management differ essentially from those of ordinary management?Second. Why are better results attained under scientific management than under the ot Principles of scientific management her types?Third. Is not the most important problem that of getting the right man at the head of the company? And if you have the right man cannot thePrinciples of scientific management
choice of the type of management be safely left to him?One of the principal objects of the following pages will be to give a satisfactory answer to thPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management is briefly called, it seems desirable to outline what the writer believes will be recognized as the best type of management which is in common use. This is done so that the great difference between the best of the ordinarymanagement and scientific management may be fully appreciated.In an industrial Principles of scientific management establishment which employs say from 500 to 1000 workmen, there will be found in many cases at least twenty to thirty different trades. The workmen iPrinciples of scientific management
n each of these trades have had their knowledge handed down to them by word of mouth, through the many years in which their trade has been developed fPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management at and growing subdivision of labor, in which each man specializes upon some comparatively small class of work.The ingenuity of each generation has developed quicker and better methods for doing every element of the work in every trade. Thus the methods which are now in use may in a broad sense be s Principles of scientific management aid to be an evolution representing the survival of the fittest and best of the ideas which have been developed since the starting of each trade. HowePrinciples of scientific management
ver, while this is true in a broad sense, only those who are intimately acquainted with each of these trades are folly aware of the fact that in hardlPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management . there are in daily use. say. fifty or a hundred different ways of doing each element of the work. And a little thought will make it clear that this must inevitably be the case, since our methods have been handed down from man to man by word of mouth, or have, in most cases, been almost unconscious Principles of scientific management ly learned through personal observation. Practically in no instances have they been codified or systematically analyzed or described. The ingenuity anPrinciples of scientific management
d experience of each generation — of each decade, even, have without doubt handed over better methods to the next. T1ŨS mass of rule-of-thumb or tradiPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management agers recognize frankly the fact that the 500 or 1000 workmen, included in the twenty to thirty trades, who are under them, possess this mass of traditional knowledge, a large part of which is not in the possession of the management. The management, of course, includes foremen and superintendents, w Principles of scientific management ho themselves have been in most cases first-class workersat theừ trades. And yet these foremen and superintendents know, better than any one else, thaPrinciples of scientific management
t (heir own knowledge and personal skill falls far short of the combined knowledge and dexterity of all the workmen under them. The most experienced mPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management them as that of inducing each workman to use his best endeavors, his hardest work, all his traditional knowledge, his skill, his ingenuity, and his goodwill — in a word, his “initiative.” so as to yield the largest possible return to his employer. The problem before the management, then, may be bri Principles of scientific management efly said to be that of obtaining the best of every workman. And the writer uses the word “initiative” in its broadest sense, to cover all of the goodPrinciples of scientific management
qualities sought for from the men.On the other hand, no intelligent manager would hope to obtain in any full measure the initiative of his workmen unPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management e been managers or who have worked themselves at a trade realize how far the average workman falls short of giving his employer his full initiative. It is well within the mark to state that in nineteen out of twenty industrial establishments the workmen believe it to be directly against their intere Principles of scientific management sts to give their employers their best initiative, and that instead of working hard to do the largest possible amount of work and the best quality ofPrinciples of scientific management
work for their employers, they deliberately work as slowly as they dare while they at the same time try to make those over them believe that they are Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management pecial incentive to his men beyond that which is given to the average of the trade. This incentive can be given in several different ways, as, for example, the hope of rapid promotion or advancement; higher wages, either in the form of generous piecework prices or of a premium or bonus of some kind Principles of scientific management for good and rapid work; shorter hours oflabor: better surroundings and working conditions than are ordinarily given, etc., and, above all. this speciPrinciples of scientific management
al incentive should be accompanied by that personal consideration for. and friendly contact with, his workmen which comes only from a genuine and kindPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management pproximately to get the “initiative” of his workmen. Under the ordinary type of management the necessity for offering the workman a special inducement has come to be so generally recognized that a large proportion of those most interested in the subject look upon the adoption of some one of the mode Principles of scientific management rn schemes for paying men (such as piece work, the premium plan, or the bonus plan, for instance) as practically the whole system of management. UnderPrinciples of scientific management
scientific management, however, the particular pay system which is adopted is merely one of the subordinate elements.Broadly speaking, then, the bestPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management centive from their employers. This type of management will be referred to as the management of "initiative and incentive" in contradistinction to scientific management, or task management, with which it is to be compared.The writer hopes that the management of “initiative and incentive” will be reco Principles of scientific management gnized as representing the best type in ordinary use. and in fact he believes that it will be hard to persuade the average manager that anything bettePrinciples of scientific management
r exists in the whole field than this type. The task which the writer has before him. then, is the difficult one of trying to prove in a thoroughly coPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management ive.”The universal prejudice in favor of the management of “initiative and incentive” is so strong that no mere theoretical advantages which can be pointed out will be likely to convince the average manager that any other system is better.It will be upon a series of practical illustrations of the ac Principles of scientific management tual working of the two systems that the writer will depend in his efforts to prove that scientific management is so greatly superior to other types.Principles of scientific management
C ertain elementary principles, a certain philosophy, will however be recognized as the essence of that which is being illustrated in all of the practPrinciples of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)Chapter TwoThe Principles of Scientific ManagementThe writer has found that there Principles of scientific management simple in their nature that it seems desirable to describe them before starting with the illustrations.Under the old type of management success depends almost entirely upon getting the “initiative” of the workmen, and it is indeed a rare case in which this initiative is really attained. Under scient Principles of scientific management ific management the “initiative" of the workmen (that is. their hard work, their good-will, and their ingenuity) is obtained with absolute uniformityPrinciples of scientific management
and to a greater extent than is possible under the old system; and in addition to this improvement on the part of the men. the managers assume new burGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook