improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
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improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
Improving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbur major areas where urgent and fundamental change must he made Io improve the efficiency of the Greek primary and secondary education system:■development and use of human resources;■rationalisation of the school network;■evaluation and assessment; anti■governance and management of the education sys improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbtem.For each of these issues, a brief analysis, an outline of major reforms, and the OFC D's observations and recommendations for further action are pimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
rovided.STRONG PI REORMI RS AND SLCCĨSSTUL REIORMI RS IN EDUCATION: EDUCATION POUCY ADVICI TOR GREECE o OKP201119I IMRROVIN6 irHCltNCY IN PRIMARY ANO Improving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbnumber of teachers and their duties (Statutory Instructional time and other responsibilities), the level of teacher compensation, teacher working hours, student instruction time, student-teacher ratios, and class size.The OECD considers the Inefficient use of human resources, especially teachers, as improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb a core factor contributing to the low efficiency of the Creek education system.TeachersNumber of teachersThe conditions affecting the supply and demaimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
nd for teachers in Greece are changing rapidly, in ways that should help improve educational efficiency. Ihe economic crisis, and actions taken by theImproving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbeachers were employed in permanent positions in 2010 I I. The mergers and closures of schools, described in the following section, resulted in a loss of 2 000 permanent teachers' positions, approximately 30% of these in kindergarten and primary schools and 20% in secondary schools. I he reduced numb improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hber of positions in some regions is resulting in an increased number of redundant teachers with no positions available except outside their current regimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
ion. In some cases, redundant teachers are being reassigned to other schools (e.g. secondary school teachers of English. ICI, music and arts) or they Improving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbplaced for even,' five who retire (5 to I rule), which will also lead to a significant reduction in the numbers of (caclters. In 201Ơ, about 11 SQL) primary and secondary teachers retired. During the period 2011-13, the Ministry estimates that retirements will continue- at IIk- current rale, with th improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbe result that in the four years between 2010 and 2013, 45 000 teachers will leave rhe system. Because of the 5 to I rule, the news media report that rimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
ecruitment of regular teachers is unlikely to exceed 9 000 during the same period, resulting in an overall loss of 3j 000 teachers - or 29% of all perImproving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbore optimal allocation of human resources to students. Measures arc- also needed to address the consequences of worsening employment prospects for teachers currently without permanent positions or recent university graduates hoping to be teachers. Until recently, new graduates were employed in prima improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbry schools within a few months after receiving their degrees. While more than 2 000 qualified graduates are entering the labour market every year, theimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
recruitment of new primary teachers is likely to be no more than 000 per year. The consequence is a growing number of teachers awaiting appointment (Improving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbld further reduce the number of appointments to permanent teacher positions to replace those who retiring.Teachers' salaries and salary costTeachers' salaries, which usually form the largest part of education budgets, are comparatively low in Greece. They are lower at all points of comparison (start improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbing; after 15 years; and at the top of scale) than the OFCD average (Figure 1.1). Equally problematic is the absence of situation and pert'ormance-relimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
ated elements in the salary scale, which increases the difficulties in steering improvements in the match between demand and supply.Despite low salariImproving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb teacher allocation issues. The effects of instruction time for pupils, teaching time for teachers, but above all, estimated class size, which is well below the OECD average, all contribute to that high salary cost per student.Legal provisions governing teachers' hoursWorking hours for teachers and improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbhead teachers are specified by law. Every primary and secondary teacher is obliged to stay in school, in addition to the teaching hours, for not moreimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
than six hours a day for a maximum of 30 hours a week. This is the case for teachers with administrative duties (e.g. Heads and Deputy- Heads, heads oImproving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbconcrete tasks to do (according to Article 9 par. 3 of N. 2517/1997, and Article 1 3 par. 8 and Article 14 par. 20 of N. 1566/1985).As shown in Table 1.2. statutory teaching hours per week for primary school teachers decrease as the size of the school increases. Teachers with more years of service i improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbn larger schools teach fewer hours as their length of service increases. In other words, the less experienced teachers assume more of the teaching loaimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
d. Thus, the value of more experienced teachers is lost.20OOiCPJOrt STRONG PERFORMERS AND SUCCESSFUL REFORMERS IN EDUCATION: EDUCATION POLICY ADVICE FImproving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fou improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hbSalary after 10 yr-ari of enperiencryminimum training• Salary at the lop of wak-.'mmimum training o Starting «alary.’mtnimum trainingAnnual itatutory teacher*' ialarie* in ptMie institutions in loner secondary education, in equnalenf OSO com cried iKirK! ppp*. and the ratio of salary after ỉ Ĩ jeers improving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb of ex/rericrKV hl earnings for tuft-time tutf-year wwAm with tertiary education aịìed 2Ĩ to 64Ratio of salary after tã years ví etpcrience/minirnutnimproving-efficiency-in-primary-and-secondary-education_5kg0pb3d65hb
training lv earnings fur tuft-time íulí-year norAers withtertiary education .lỊ-et/ 2Ĩ to 64 '2009 or ídtesl đtailMc »ear>2.0Improving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fouImproving Efficiency in Primary 3ndSecondary EducationHa I ter Ilian addressing the full range of reforms, Illis chapter foe uses spec ifkally CXI fouGọi ngay
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