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TOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaarah Newkirk1, Sam Veloz2, Maya Hayden2, Bob Battalio3, Tiffany Cheng3, Jenna Judge4. Walter Heady1, Kelly Leo1, Mary Small51The Nature Conservancy2Point Blue Conservation Science3Environmental Science Associates4National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration5California state Coastal ConservancyDIS Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaCLAIMERThis report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Natural Resources Agency It does not necessarily represent the viewsOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
of the Natural Resources Agency, its employees or the State of California. The Natural Resources Agency, the State of California, its employees, contTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaepresent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon pnvatety owned rights. This report has not been approved or disappmved by the Natural Resources Agency nor has the Natural Resources Agency passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this reportCALIFORNIA/7¥ presoiirce Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adasAGENCYEdmund G. Brown, Jr. GovernorAugust 2018 CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis project was supported by many advisors, who were very generousOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
with their time and expertise. Specifically: Andrea Pickart, Humboldt Buy National Wildlife Refuge; Brenda Goeden, San Francisco Bay Conservation andTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adamy Corps of Engineers; Christina McWhorter, Hamilton Wetlands Plant Nursery; left Melby, California State Coastal Conservancy; Louis White, Environmental Science Associates; Paul Jenkin, Surfrider Foundation; Evyan Sloane, California State Coastal Conservancy; Rick Nye, Seal Beach National Wildlife Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaRefuge; Marilyn Latta, California State Coastal Conservancy; Kathy Boyer, San Francisco State University; Su Corbaly, California State Coastal ConservOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
ancy; Elizabeth Gagneron, California State Coastal Conservancy; Mary Matella, California Coastal Commission; Jennifer Mattox, State Lands Commission; TOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaal Conservancy; David Behar, San Francisco Public Utility Commission; Jack Liebster, Marin County Planning; Leslie Ewing, California Coastal Commission; Juliette Hart, United States Geological Survey; Amber Parais, San Diego Climate Collaborative; Sara Hutto, Greater Farallones National Marine Sanct Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adauary; Natalie Cosentino-Manning, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Manne Fisheries Sendee; Jeremy Lowe, San Francisco Estuary IOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
nstitute; Kit Scheuer, Local Government Commission; George Domurat, U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources; Ken Schreiber, Land Use PlanningTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adans and Nourishment; Luisa Valiela, Environmental Protection Agency; Christina Toms, San Francisco Bay Regional I Voter Quality Control Board; John Rozum, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office for Coastal Management; Becky Lunde, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada for Coastal Management; Deborah Ruddock, California State Coastal Conservancy; Chris Williamson, City of Oxnard; Edward Curtis, San Francisco State UOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
niversity; Sergio Vargas, Ventura County; Dean Kubani, City of Santa Monica; Jenny Dugan, University of California Santa Barbara; Maren Farnum, State TOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adad Restoration; Kristen Goodrich, Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve; Monique Myers, California Sea Grant Extension; Warner Chabot, Sait Francisco Estuary Institute; .Alex Westhoff, Marin County.iiPREFACECalifornia's Climate Change Assessments provide a scientific foundation lor unders Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adatanding climate related vulnerability at die local scale and informing resilience actions. These Assessments contribute to the advancement of science-Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
based policies, plans, and programs to promote ettec five climate leadership in California. in 2006, California released its I nst Climate Change AsseTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaandmark legislation Assembly Bill 32 (Nunez, Chapter 488, Statutes of 2006), California's Global Warming Solutions Act. The Second Assessment concluded that adaptation is a crucial complement to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (2009), given Ural some changes to tire climate are ongoing and inevita Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adable, motivating and informing California's first Climate Adaptation Strategy released the same year. hl 2012, California's Ihird Climate Change AssessOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
ment made substantial progress in projecting local impacts of climate c hange, investigating consequent es to human and natural systems, and exploringTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaurth Climate Change Assessment: California's Natural Resources Agency (CNRA), the Governor's Office of Planning and Research (OPR), and the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission). The Climate Action Team Research Working Group, through which more than 20 state agencies coordinate climate-r Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaelated research, served as the steering committee, providing input for a multisector call for proposals, participating in selection of research teams,Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
and offering technical guidance throughout the process.California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment (Fourth Assessment) advances actionable science TOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaive climate change scenarios at a scale suitable for illuminating regional vulnerabilities and localized adaptation strategies in California; datasets and tools that improve integration of observed and projected knowledge about c limate c hange into decision-making; and recommendations and informati Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaon to directly inform vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies tor California's energy sec tor, water resources and management, cxeans andOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
coasts, forests, wildfires, agriculture, biodiversity and habitat, and public health.The Fourth Assessment includes 44 technical reports to advance thTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adane clintale risks and adaptation options, reports on tribal and indigenous issues as well as climate justice, and a comprehensive statewide summan- report. All research contributing fo the Fourth -Assessment WHS peer-rev iewed to ensure scientific rigor and relevance to prac trtroners and stakeholde Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adars.For the full suite of Fourth Assessment researc h produc ts, please visit www.c hmateassessment.c a.gov. Illis report is intended to facilitate theOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
use ot Natural Shoreline Infrastruc ture along California's coast, improving the resilienc e ot communities and habitats in the face ot climate c hanTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada these climate-change related threats, landowners will certainly take action, and the default industry- standard response has been to try to “hold the line" against the encroaching sea by constructing seawalls, dikes, levees and other forms of coastal armoring. While armoring may in some cases provi Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adade acceptable shortterm protection, armoring also tends to accelerate shoreline erosion, exacerbating hazards to people and leading to the eventual loOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
ss of critical wildlife habitat and public beaches.Natural Shoreline Infrastructure can be as effective as armoring, while having the added benefits oTOWARD NATURAL SHORELINE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MANAGE COASTAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIAA Report for:California’s Fourth Climate Change AssessmentPrepared By:Sa Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adag and investment decisions. Yet, planners have encountered many stumbling blocks as they have tried to incorporate these approaches into coastal resilience plans. Major obstacles include: a lack of a common definition and shared terminology; lack of expertise; lack of precedent; and the absence of s Oceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_adaiting guidance and technical design standards.Here, we set out to enable planners to adopt Natural Shoreline Infrastructure by tilling in the missingOceans_CCCA4-CNRA-2018-011_ada
information. With the input oi dozens of coastal managers who served on our Technical Advisory Committee, we developed a definition and collected a liGọi ngay
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