Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
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Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ian bishops often had recourse to spiritual penalties to exercise their coercive authority over serious offences during the tenth and early eleventh centuries. Tracing the history of episcopal jurisdiction over serious offences from the ninth century, where it was supported by the Carolingian rulers Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3), into the post-Carolingian world of the tenth and early eleventh centuries, it argues for continuity between the earlier and later periods. It thus rInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
evises the widely accepted view that episcopal interest in the use of such penalties only re-emerged in the period after the Gregorian reform as a con1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)Italy, penance, canon law, spiritual jurisdiction, criminal lawIArnulf of Milan describes how in 1008 Bishop olderic of Asti and his brother, the Marquis Manfred, walked barefoot to the patronal church of San Ambrogio in Milan from three miles outside the city, the bishop carrying a book, the marqui Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)s a dog. Before the doors of San Ambrogio they ‘confessed their guilt most devotedly’ to Archbishop Arnulf of Milan. Bishop Odelric then placed the syInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
mbols of his office - his staff and ring - on the altar, but later took them up again with the permission of the Archbishop. The marquis donated gold 1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3) in peace by the archbishop, clergy and the entire people’. Their actions constituted the settlement of a dispute which had begun2perhaps three years earlier, upon Odelric’s appointment to the see of Asti by the German King, and later Emperor, Henry II on his first expedition into Italy; Odelric see Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ms to have been chosen because of his brother’s support for Henry’s claim to the Italian crown. But Archbishop Arnulf, who was upset at not having beeInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
n consulted over (he appointment, objected to Odelric’s promotion to the episcopate on the grounds that his predecessor, Bishop Peter, was still alive1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ecration went ahead with the pope’s sanction, despite having been forbidden by the archbishop. In the face of such contumacy, and in order to get Odelric to recognise his authority as metropolitan, Archbishop Arnulf excommunicated Odelric and his brother at a synod held in Milan in 1008. He then led Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3) an army with his suffragan bishops which successfully besieged Odelric in his see at Asti. As a consequence both men came before the archbishop laterInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
that year to make peace ‘to his satisfaction’.1Carrying a dog to denote a nobleman’s humility and submission is well-attested in east Frankish accoun1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ite for the reconciliation of excommunicants. Barefoot, as repentant excommunicants, the bishop and his brother came before the archbishop at the doors of the church; this was the place specified in liturgical rites where the bishop should meet repentant sinners who sought reconciliation from their Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)sentence of excommunication? The bishop and his brother then made their confession; liturgical rites for the reconciliation of excommunicants emphasisInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
ed that those seeking reconciliation should acknowledge and confess their sin? The liturgical rite came together with the secular one to allow both me1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)of the Italian episcopate, Archbishop Arnulf, managed easily to combine3the demands of secular with ecclesiastical lordship when it came to asserting his authority in a way which was normative for the period.Studies of dispute settlement in tenth- and eleventh-century west and east Frankia have show Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)n the influence which ecclesiastical penance had on secular rituals of supplication.5 Modern political and legal historians of Italy in the same perioInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
d have, however, largely-focussed on the secular aspects of the lordship of the bishops of the regnum Italiae, leaving its spiritual aspects to the hi1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ater centuries. The relative neglect of episcopal spiritual jurisdiction has its roots in both tenth-century political developments within the kingdom of Italy and in the more general approaches taken by scholars to the history of jurisdiction in this period. The tenth-century regnum Italiae witness Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ed the bishops' consolidation of their political authority over both their civites and surrounding territoria as part of a wider localisation of powerInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
.7 The wealth of documentation means that scholars’ attention has been focussed on their temporal responsibilities as secular lords and public judges.1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)n’s work on Carolingian church law and the forms and structures of episcopal justice has demonstrated the important role Italian bishops played as guarantors of justice and morals in the chaotic years around 900 AD but does not investigate far beyond the initial decades of the tenth century, whilst Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)the picture of episcopal spiritual jurisdiction found in Francois Bougard’s excellent survey of the evidence for justice from the regnum Italiae in thInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
e ninth to eleventh century remains shadowy at best.9Bishops only reappear as spiritual judges in the current historiography upon their retreat from p1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ded with the emergence of4the communes and the bishops’ loss of public authority.10 Increasing self-consciousness about clerical status and bishops’ retreat from their role as civic leaders coincided with the importance Pope Gregory VII himself attached to the spiritual weapons of excommunication an Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)d interdict, and a more general revival of spiritual justice in the course of the twelfth century with the growth of canon law.11 Thus the bishops ofInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
Florence increasingly resorted to excommunication in the first half of the thirteenth century in the face of growing opposition from the emerging rura1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)ted into inflation-resistant annual grain payments and an episcopal representative, the podestà, appointed to ensure the bishop’s tenants fulfilled their dues under the new terms. These met with resistance. In 1207, for example, the community of San Lorenzo di Borgo acted collectively and appointed Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)notaries to challenge Bishop John of Velletri’s attempts to impose his authority; the bishop responded by having the notaries excommunicated. The dispInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
ute rumbled on for another thirty-two years; in 1232, for instance, the leaders of the commune refused to accept the authority of the episcopal podest1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)t of an ongoing dispute over their refusal to pay the census.1- Further south the bishops of Arezzo repeatedly used excommunication as a weapon in their campaign to regain temporal jurisdiction over of the city of Cortona in the course of the thirteenth century.13 This narrative, which regards the u Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)se of these often ineffectual spiritual weapons in defence of territorial lordship as a symptom of the bishops’ retreat from the public authority theyInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
enjoyed in their heyday in the tenth and eleventh centuries still prevails, despite Chris Wickham’s research which suggests that rural communes did n1Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds;Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-century ItalyAbstract: This article suggests that Itali Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)he communal oaths5recorded from the early twelfth century onwards, that rural communes took responsibility for most offences from at least this time, major crimes - homicide, bloodshed, perjury, adultery, treason - remained reserved to the episcopal iura.ưEpiscopal jurisdiction over such criminal of Inquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)fences had deep roots. Peace and justice were a constant of medieval politics, as was the ideal of co-operation between secular and ecclesiastical autInquiring_into_adultery_and_other_wicked_deeds final (3)
horities, and importance was attached throughout the early medieval kingdoms to bishops’ spiritual jurisdiction over certain offences.1’ The CarolingiGọi ngay
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