MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
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MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
PALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERment of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, Pennsylvania 16802ABSTRACTRecent discoveries of palynofloiules at numerous localities in the Newark Group basins of the eastern United States provide new evidence for correlation of deposits in these basins. Floras from the Shuttle MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER Meadow and Portland Formations of the Newark Group rocks in the Hartford Basin of Connecticut and Massachusetts indicate that the Triassic-Jurassic bMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
oundary is located within the rocks of this basin: a shift of Corollina from more than 90% £. meyeriana to more than 90% £. torosus occurs somewhere bPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERthe palynoflora (particularly the presence of Convolutispora klukiforma). associated fish, paleomagnetic data, and radiometric dates, as well as megafossil evidence of Brachyphyllum scotii and Clathropteris meniscoides. support a basal Liassic age for this formation. Reptilean evidence in older stra MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERta of the Hartford Basin suggests that the Triassic-Jurassic boundary may lie just below the Shuttle Meadow Formation. In addition the Portland FormatMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
ion contains a palynomorph association clearly favoring early to middle Liassic age. Comparisons are made on the basis of studies of recently discoverPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERsummarized, showing that the predominantly Coroll lira (Hirmerella) paly nofloras of the Haitfoid Basin were associated with a warm, seasonally wet and dry climate, and casting doubt on the idea that Coroll I na-produclng plants composed a swamp association within the original basin. Twenty-seven ge MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERnera and 42 species are described, as are 1 spore and 1 pollen type of uncertain taxonomic position. Eight new species are described: Camerosporites rMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
eductivemicatus n. sp.. Corollina murphy! n. sp.. Cycadopites andrewsli n. sp.. Cycadopites durhamensis n. sp.. Cycadopites wesifieldlcus n. sp.. DictPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER punctatus (Nilsson) comb. nov.. Callialasporites segmentatus (Balme) comb, nov.. Coroll Ina Ininensis (Pocock) comb. nov.. Corolllna simplex (Danze-Corsin & Laveine) comb. nov.. Cycadopltes reticulatus (Nilsson) comb. nov.. Granulatlsporltes Infirm US (Balme) comb. nov. The genera Circullina and Co MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERrollina are formally emended, as are the species Corollina torosus (Reissinger) Klaus and Circulina simplex Malyavkina.TEXT-FIGURE 1. "Newark" basinsMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
of eastern North America. Asterisks indicate basins in which palynoflortiles have been found.palynofloras of Connecticut and Massachusetts (Text-fig. PALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERher Newark Group basins. The Hartford Basin assemblage is largely Early Jurassic in age: it Is not restricted to this basin, but is also piesent In the Newark Basin of New Jersey and the Culpeper Basin of Virginia. The recognition of Jurassic deposits in the Newark Group (Cornet et al.. 1973). which MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER until recently has been considered entirely Triassic. Is not new. As early as 1855. E. Hitchcock, Jr., presented paleobotanical and geological evidenMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
ce for a possible Rhaeto-Liassic age range for the Hartford Basin sediments. Several other geologists and paleontologists of the mid-1800s speculated PALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERafossil flora from the Connecticut Valley but considered it Rhaetian. Since then reptilean and fish remains have been interpreted as indicating only a Late Triassic age (Reeside et al., 1957). Recently Reeve and Helsley (1972), in attempting to explain the paleomagnetic discrepancy between the upper MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER portion of the Chinle Formation, New Mexico, and the igneous rocks of the upper Newark Group, suggested a post-middle Rhaetian, but pre-PliensbachlanMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
age for much of the upper portion of the Newark Group. The palynofloras from the Shuttle Meadow and Portland Formations of the Hartford Basin largelyPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERbasins of Connecticut and Massachusetts. Numbers 1-13 indicate palynoflorule localities discussed in this paper. Middletown, Conn., is at Locality 13. North Guilford is just south of Locality 1.HARTFORD BASIN STRATIGRAPHYThe Hartford Basin sediments and igneous rocks an? divided into four sedimentar MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERy and three volcanic formations or units. The lowest formation, the New Haven Arkose, has been computed to have a maximum stratigiaphic thickness of 2MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
600 m near the eastern edge of the basin, decreasing to around 1500 m near the western edge (Krynine. 1950) (Text-fig.3).The Talcott Formation conformPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERon and the stratigraphic location of palynoflorule localities 1-13 (cf. Text-fig. 2). This is a restored composite section from multiple sources, representing generalized North (left)-South (right) trends. The double line to the left of Gaillard Graben indicates a fault, but because of restoration, MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERno displacement is shown along rhe fault. Locality 2 has the same position as Locality 1 and has therefore been omitted.apparently it Is missing in noMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
rthern Connecticut and Massachusetts. In most of southern Connecticut.the Talcott Is a single basalt flow of variable thickness (30-75 m). Sanders (19PALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERow units interbedded with three sedimentary units, totaling about 305 m. The Gaillard Graben has been interpreted as a post-depositional structure (Sanders, et al., 1963, p. 11). However, the existence outside the Graben of only one (the lowest?) lava flow suggests that penecontemporaneous erosion r MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERemoved much of the once continuous Talcott Formation before deposition of theoverlying Shuttle Meadow Formation, and the Talcott was preserved in theMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
graben as a result of downward displacement of sediments in the graben hetore the erosional cycle began. On the other hand, the absence in northern CoPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYEReems reasonable that JOO m UÍ superimposed volcanic cones in Mt. Hitchcock in northern Massachusetts (Rain, 1941) may he related to the lava flows of the Gaillard Grahen, judging from stratigraphic position and thickness.Hie shuttle Meadow Formation, like the Idlcoll Formation, varies considerably i MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERn thickness and in extent over die basin. In the soudiemmosl part of the basin, widiiti die Gaillard Graben, the Shuttle-Meadow Formation leaches itsMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
maximum thickness of about 270 m (Sanders, 1970). The formation steadily decreases in thickness northward: 170 m in North Guilford, Conn.; 94 m near MPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERbel, 1900). Ihe upper part of die formation appears to be the most extensive. .North of Simsbury the Talcorr basalt disappears, and rhe Shuttle Meadow Formation, if it continues north, would he recognized as rhe uppermost part of the New Haven Arkose in northern Connecticut and Massachusetts.The Hol MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERyoke lava-flow unit conformably overlies the Shuttle Meadow Formation in Connecticut, and the New Haven Arkose and Hitchcock volcanics in MassachusettMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
s. This unit, consisting of at least two lava flows, ranges in thickness from 120 to 170 m over most of the basin, but it has been recorded under 92 mPALYNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHRONOZOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HARTFORD BASIN INCONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTSBRUCE CORNETALFRED TRAVERSEDepartm MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYERto thicken both northward and southward from Its minimum thickness near Avon. Conn.: 326-458 m in the Gaillard Graben, Branford, Conn.; 170-180 m near Middletown, Conn.; 140-150 m near Avon, Conn.; 250 m near Westfield, Mass. (Krynine, 1950; Lehmann, 1959; Schnabel, 1960; Colton and Hartshorn, 1966; MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER Sanders, 1970). In the northern part of the basin, the upper part of the East Berlin Formation interfingers with die Granby Tuff and local lava flowsMONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
(Brophy el al.. 19G7). These volcanics and pyrvclaslics contain al least one flow that apparently is continuous with the Hampden lava-flow unit (BainGọi ngay
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