Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

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Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2nous and Local CommunitiesNaomi Roht-ArriazaUniversity of California. Hastings College of the LawFollow this and additional works at: https7/repositor

y.law.umich edu/mjil& Part of the Agriculture Law Commons, Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Intellectual Property Lav/ Commons, and the Law and Soci Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

ety CommonsRecommended CitationNaomi Roht-Arriaza, Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigenous and

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

Local Communities, 17 Mich. J. INTÌ L. 919 (1996).Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol17/ĨSS4/2This Article is brought to you for

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2or inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Lav/ by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more i

nformation, please contact mlaw repository@umich eduOF SEEDS AND SHAMANS: THE APPROPRIATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE OF INDIGENOUS AN Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

D LOCAL COMMUNITIESNaomi Roht-Arriaza*Introduction ............................................... 920I.The Scientific and Technical Knowledge ofIndig

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

enous and Local Communities....................... 921II.Mechanisms of Appropriation: What CountsAS Valuable Knowledge?...............................

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2...... 9351.Novelty or Newness.............................. 9362.Nonobviousness or theInventiveStep............ 9373.Subject Matter .................

................ 9384.Industrial Application.......................... 9395.Reproducibility................................. 9406.Plant Breeders’ Righ Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

ts.......................... 940c. ExSitu Conservation and the“CommonHeritage”.... 942III.Answers to Appropriation .............................. 947A

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

.Expansion of Intellectual Property Rights.......... 953B.Private “Bioprospector” Contracts.................. 958c. Multilateral Agreements andFunds .

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2 of the Law; J.D., Boalt Hall, University of California, Berkeley; M.P.P., University of California, Berkeley. Maria Montes and Kathleen Yurchak did e

xtensive research for this paper, and I deeply appreciate their help both with the research and in discussing die issues with me. I also profoundly th Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

ank Monica Moore at Pesticide Action Network North America and everyone at Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN) in Barcelona for their help

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec_2

and support. An earlier version of this article appears in Borrowed Power: Essays in Cultural Appropriation (B. Ziff & p. Rao eds., forthcoming 1996).

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen