Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
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Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
Rebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersions article examines how the civilian constituencies of rebel groups affect their use of violence against civilians. While past research has acknowledged the importance of rebel constituencies, they are primarily seen as only having an indirect effect on rebel behavior. In contrast, I conceptualize re Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionbel constituencies as a central political opportunity structures for rebel groups providing incentives and imposing restraints on their use of strategOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
ic violence as well as the violent behavior of individual rebel fighters. In particular, I hypothesize that a constituency overlap between rebels and Rebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersiontionalization and polarization induce strategic violence and predator),' behavior increasing the chances for large-scale civilian victimization. 1 conduct a statistical analysis of rebel onesided violence in sub-Saharan Africa using newly collected data on rebel constituencies to test these hypothes Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersiones. The results only provide limited empirical support for the hypothesized relationship between constituency overlap and rebel violence against in ciOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
vilians. There is clear empirical evidence, however, that heavily fractionalized and polarized rebel constituencies are associated with higher levels Rebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Neuer Jungfernstieg 21, 20354 Hamburg, Germany. Email: martin.ottmann@gmail.comAcknowledgementsI would like to thank Anisa Santoso, Gees van der Eijk, Sabine Carey, Stefan Wolff. Jessica Andersson-Hudson, Jonathan Rose, Nadine Ansorg, Glenn Palmer Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionand the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and insights. All remaining errors are my own.FundingThis research received no specific grant fOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
rom any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.1https://khothuvien.cori!IntroductionHow do the civilian constituencies of Rebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionrequently engage in civilian victimization and target those for whom they claim to fight and draw upon for recruits and resources. In this study, I turn to rebel constituencies and explore how their characteristics affect rebel-civilian relations and. ultimately, the level of rebel violence against Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersioncivilians. Recent research on civilian victimization in internal armed conflicts has devoted much attention towards the relationship between rebels anOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
d civilians and its repercussions on violence against civilians . The theoretical and empirical findings of these studies have identified the strategiRebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersione large majority of these studies acknowledge the general importance of the conflict actors’ constituencies, few have explicitly analyzed their direct impact on civilian victimization. Constituencies are often seen as just an intermediate factor shaping the influence of other factors on violence aga Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersioninst civilians. Moreover, variations in the composition of civilian constituencies are only sometimes taken into account when analyzing violence againOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
st civilians.In this article, I argue that the characteristics of rebel constituencies need to move into the focus to better understand rebel violenceRebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersions on rebel groups. Variations between rebel constituencies consequently affect rebels’ use of violence against civilians. These variations can affect the strategic calculus motivating violence used as a tool to enforce support. They can also affect the cost-benefit calculus of the individual rebel f Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionighters and their decision to prey on or protect civilians. To explore the determinants of these basic relationships, 1 develop hypotheses linking parOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
ticular features of2rebel constituencies to the level of violence against civilians. These features are the extent to which the constituencies of the Rebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionbetween these subgroups. I test the hypotheses with a statistical analysis of rebel one-sided violence in sub-Saharan Africa between 1989 and 2010 using newly collected data on rebel constituencies. I only find limited empirical support that rebel groups sharing their constituencies with the governm Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionent of a state are more likely to engage in low levels of civilian victimization. However, my results clearly indicate that heavily fractionalized andOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
polarized constituencies are associated with higher levels of violence against civilians in civil conflicts. Overall, these findings establish rebel Rebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionon rebel violence against civilians. Following this, I discuss the concept of rebel constituencies and link it to existing theories of civilian victimization. The subsequent section presents the data used in the statistical analysis. Section five reports the results of this statistical analysis, whi Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionle the final section concludes the article.Literature reviewRebel violence against civilians is a common feature of civil conflicts . It is a major puOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
zzle for conflict researchers, however, why rebels attack the population they ultimately rely on. Recent studies suggest that such violence against ciRebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionuments have been presented. A first strand of research argues that rebel groups use violence against civilians strategically in order to enforce popular support. By attacking civilians, rebels punish defectors and demonstrate the severe consequences of denying support 3https://khothuvien.cori!to the Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion rebel group. A second strand of research identifies rebel rank and file actors as the main agents of violence against civilians . Based on an understOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
anding of such rebel fighters as rational utility maximizer, fighters interested in material benefits are differentiated from fighters committed to a Rebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionse two theoretical approaches are not necessarily rivaling each other. As a matter of fact, studies following either one of these approaches converge on the same set of factors determining violence against civilians. Firstly, scholars have identified the distribution of territorial control between t Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionhe conflict actors, the intensity of battles between government and rebels or the use of violence against civilians by government forces - that is, thOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
e strategic interaction between the conflict actors - as explanatory factors . Secondly, research refers to rebel organization itself as causing violeRebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionowments as factors driving civilian victimization. However, the emphasis on the strategic interaction between conflict actors and rebel organization relegates an important additional determinant of violence against civilians to an intermediate level: The characteristics of the civilian population.So Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion far, only a few scholars have explicitly focused on this factor. Balcells , for example, explores civilians’ ideological allegiances and show how theOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
y impact conflict actors’ use of strategic violence in conventional civil wars. Relatedly, Fjelde and Hultman analyze the role of ethnic allegiances fRebel constituencies and rebel violence against civilians in civil conflictsMartin OttmannGIGA German Institute of Global and Area StudiesAbstractThis Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersionan armed conflict. Except for variation caused by the conflict actors’ strategic interaction, they assume that the conflict actors’ constituencies are ultimately monolithic and can be clearly separated from each other. This assumption, however, only applies to a small number of conventionally4fought Ottmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion civil conflicts and not necessarily to the large majority of non-conventional internal conflicts which are characterized by diffuse affiliations betwOttmann_Rebel_constituencies_and_OSV_FinalVersion
een conflict actors and civilians .In contrast, studies conceptualizing violence as being perpetrated by rebel rank and file fighters pay more attentiGọi ngay
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