SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
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SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
Volume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3Essential Ingredients in Implementing Educational Reforms and Improving Student LearningShirlev A. 1 it/gibbons, Associate Professor Emerita, Indiana UniversityPrinted with permission from the U.S. Department of Education. This manuscript was commissioned as part of a national study. Assessment of t SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3he Role of School and Public Libraries in Support of Educational Reform. Westat, Inc., 1998-2000.This paper explores the range of success ful. cooperaSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
tive relationships between public libraries and school library media centers. The author delineates factors that need to be considered when building sVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3ir quests for information, knowledge, and learning. The work is based on the premise that cooperative relationships between the two separate institutional settings are essential ingredients in implementing educational reforms and improving student learning. A major literature review of both current SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3and historical research studies, policy documents, and opinion articles sets the stage, specific cooperative efforts, including combined school-publicSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
libraries, networks, and resource-sharing arrangements and general efforts at cooperation and collaboration are analyzed to elicit factors that lead Volume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3ent of joint policies and procedures; commitment on the part of administrators, decision makers, staff and the general public; active communication and interaction; and adequate funding and staffing that allows innovation and risktaking.Cooperation may be the only solution to providing adequately fo SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3r the library needs of children and young adults. What is important is that the best library services be provided for children and young adults—librarSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
y services which will meet their total needs, including education, personal information, recreation, personal interests, and career needs. (FitzgibbonVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3ource base, major educational reforms, a youth* rights advocacy movement, and changing, critical youth needs with regard to health, safety, and use of leisure time. The role of libraries in providing a foundation for lifelong learning should be influenced by these changes.Volume J I ISSN: 1523-4320T SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3he purpose of this paper is to explore the range of successful, cooperative relationships between public libraries and school library media centers anSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
d to delineate factors that need to be considered in building such relationships. The work is based on two assumptions. First, it is assumed that coopVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3ative relationships between the two separate institutional settings are essential ingredients in achieving educational reform leading to improved student learning. The paper will explore how school libraries and public libraries are related to learning (and to each other in this process), including SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3a brief look at the past, a more in-depth examination of the present, and recommendations for the future.A close alliance of school library media centSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
ers and public libraries can be an effective support system for students. Currently such alliances take many forms, including joint libraries (combineVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3rograms, and communication networks. Most of these relationships are not mutually exclusive nor have they always been successful or considered mutually beneficial. The historical pattern, the current situation, and recommendations for the future will be presented based on a selective literature sear SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3ch from 1980 to present and the findings from past work of the author. Both relevant research and pertinent opinion pieces from the professional literSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
ature have been included in this review. The paper will be organized under the following categories:•Rationale for cooperative relationships•HistoricaVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3ns for successful cooperation•Recommendations for the futureRationale for Importance of Cooperation and Collaboration between School and Public LibrariesSeveral events in the 1990s have focused attention on the importance of the roles and relationships of school and public library services. The 1991 SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3 White House Conference on Libraries and Information Sen ices emphasized the need for youth library services, both during the preparation process forSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
the Conference and in the resulting top-ranked resolution, the Omnibus Children and Youth Literacy through Libraries Initiative.Tins paper is one of sVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3nned and funded by the U.S. ED (ED). The project includes a national survey of school and public libraries, ten case studies of these libraries, and the set of commissioned papers.An initial literature review for the Assessment included a two-page section on "Cooperation between Public Libraries and SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3 School Libraries" that pointed out the "logical partnership in support of the National Education Goals (of public and school libraries), since the miSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
ssions of2School Library Media Research I VMM ala org/aasJ/sIrVolume 3 IISSN: Ỉ523-4320both have much in common.'’ That review identified several barrVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3siderations that provide inadequate staffing and funding for joint activities, and certain "personality and style differences" between school and public librarians (Westat 1995).It is therefore usetill to examine the present status of the complementary and unique roles of school library' media cente SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3rs and public libraries, then current and potential relationships in meeting the needs of youth in individual communities, and the need for national,SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
statewide, and local planning, policy making, and funding opportunities.Historical PerspectiveBefore 1950As early as 1876. in an influential report enVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3the message that public libraries were auxiliaries to education, hl 1897 John Colton Dana, then president of the American Library Association (ALA) urged the National Education Association (NF.A) to appoint a committee to study the interrelationships between the two organizations. The committee’s re SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3port recommended "cooperation between the school and the public library” (Report 1897. 2). It is important to recognize that school libraries were almSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
ost nonexistent at the time; this situation encouraged the public library' to assume an educational role for almost forty years, supporting the needs Volume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3ry Journal), with most of the activities involving cooperation with public schools (Thomas 1990). Between 1880 and 1920. as public library children's services were beginning to develop, public libraries began to initiate direct book loans to teachers' classrooms and to form "school departments" with SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3in the public libraries. Also during this early development period, teacher rooms were established in some public libraries, some attention was givenSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
to reference service to high school students, and there were reports of school and public library cooperative reading projects, such as book week celeVolume Ỉ. 2000 ISSN; I522-4Ì20School Library r a/hool librariansApproved September 2000 www.ala.org/aasl sirSchool and Public Library Relationships: E SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3public library) were established as one model of service.A 1941 report of a joint committee of NLA and ALA. Schoo! and Public Libraries Working Together in School Library Service, gave the responsibility’of school library services to boards of education but still emphasized the importance of school SLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3and public library’cooperation (Joint Committee 1941). rhe Committee's report clearly staled that both elementary schools and high schools must have lSLMR_SchoolPublicLibRelationships_V3
ibraries in order to carry' out thcừ educational responsibilities to their pupils; adequate library services cannot be provided through classroom collGọi ngay
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