The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
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The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
D A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkermon knowledge.The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story mattersCitationThomas, Kyle A.. Peter DeScioli, Omar Sultan Haque, and Steven Pinker. 2014. "The Psychology of Coordination and Common Knowledge." Journal of Personality The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerand Social Psychology 107 [4): 657-676. doi:10.1037/a0037037.Published Versiondoi:10 1037/a0037037Citable linkhttp://nrs.harvard edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
os: 14330738Terms of UseThis article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions apD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker PSYCHOLOGY OF COMMON KNOWLEDGE AND COORDINATION1The Psychology of Common Knowledge and CoordinationKyle A. Thomas1. Peter DeScioh12. Omar Sultan Haque1. Steven Pinker1 ’Department of Psychology. Harvard University ‘Department of Political Science. Stony Brook UniversityAuthor NoteKyle A. Thomas. Om The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerar Sultan Haque. & Steven Pinker. Department of Psychology, Harvard University: Peter DeScioh. Department of Psychology. Harvard University and DepartThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
ment of Political Science. Stony Brook University.We thank Moshe Hoffman for providing feedback on the manuscript, and Cheng Li. Pooja Ami Patel. NataD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerr and Evolution Society in Albuquerque. New Mexico.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kyle Thomas. Departmentof Psychology. Harvard University. William James Hall 964. 33 Kirkland Street. Cambridge.MA. 02138. Email: kathomas@fas.liaivaid.eduPSYCHOLOGY OF COMMON KNOWLEDGE A The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & PinkerND COORDINATION2AbstractResearch on human cooperation has concentrated on the puzzle of altruism, in which one actol incurs a cost to benefit another,The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
and the psychology of reciprocity, which evolved to solve this problem. We examine rhe complementary7 puzzle of mutualism, in which actors can benefiD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerursive belief state in which A knows X. 13 knows X. A knows that 13 knows X. 13 knows that A knows X. ad infinitum. We lest whether people are sensitive to common knowledge when deciding whether to engage in risky coordmation. Participants decided between working alone for a certain profit and worki The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerng together for a potentially higher profit that they would receive only if their partner made rhe same choice. Results showed that more participantsThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
attempted risky coordination when they and theii prospective partner had common knowledge of the payoffs (broadcasted over a loudspeaker) than when thD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerypothesis that people represent common knowledge as a distinct cognitive catcgoiy that licenses them to coordinate with others for mutual gain. We discuss how this hypothesis can provide a unified explanation 1Ồ1 diverse phenomena in human social life, including recursive mculaliziug, performative s The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerpeech acts, public assemblies and protests, and self-conscious emotional expressions.Keywords: common knowledge, coordination, theory of mind, cooperaThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
tion, mutualism, stag huntPSYCHOLOGY OF COMMON KNOWLEDGE AND COORDINATION3The Psychology of Common Knowledge and CoordinationA strange and ethereal prD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerded who was there, and made aggressive arrests (Barry, 2011). What were the protesters trying to accomplish? And why were the police concerned with such a seemingly trivial event?People interact in a variety of situations in which they need to coordinate their actions to achieve common goals, such a The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkers opposing unfair governments, capturing gams 111 trade, agreeing on the use of standard symbols and protocols, and countless everyday activities suchThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
as scheduling meetings, contributing to potluck dinners, and carrying two ends of a heavy object. Because it is costly to engage in a coordinated actD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerestor risks prosecution and violence, a lisk which can be mitigated only by overwhelming numbers of people successfully coordinating their actions: If one protestor shows up he gets shot, if a million show up they may send the dictator packing. In these situations, even modest displays of synchrony. The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker such as simultaneous phone rings, can set the stage for larger-scale coordination. However, even when It's clear that other people want to work togetThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
her, coordination can be a challenge. Exactly how. for instance, do thousands of would-be protestors converge on a single time and place to voice thenD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkercs, and evolutionary biology, research and theory have concentrated on the subtype of cooperation that is altruistic (in rhe biological sense): A cooperator confers a benefit on a partner at a cost to himself. Altruistic cooperation has received the lion’s share of attention because it raises the ev The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerolutionary puzzle ofPSYCHOLOGY OF COMMON KNOWLEDGE AND COORDINATION4how a behavior that harms the actor could be selected for. The paradox IS often caThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
ptured 111 the game-theoretic scenario of the Prisoner's Dilemma, and the challenge to the psychologist is in characterizing the cognitive abilities aD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker that police reciprocation, such as sympathy, anger, gratitude, forgiveness, guilt, and trust (Trivers. 1971; Cosmides & Tooby, 1992. 2005).Coordination, in contrast, is mutualistic: Each cooperator confers a benefit on the other while simultaneously conferring a benefit on himself or herself Despit The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkere this convergence of interests, coordination, too. poses an evolutionary challenge. The challenge is not motivational though, but epistemological: acThe Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinker
curately representing the other actor’s state of knowledge. The epistemological problem results from the difficult}- of converging on a single solutioD A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and comm The Psychology of Common Knowledge and Coordination_Thomas DeScioli Haque & Pinkerhas to know that the other knows which location they have agreed upon.D A s HDIGITAL ACCESStoSCHOLARSHIPatHARVARDDASH.HARVARD.EDUlooHARVARD LIBRARYOffice for Scholarly CommunicationThe psychology of coordination and commGọi ngay
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