Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2
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Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2
Chapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic E Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2Equations Solved ProblemsChemical EquationsA chemical reaction is described by means of a shorthand notation called a chemical equation. One or more substances, called reactants or reagents, are allowed to react to form one or more other substances, called products. Instead of using words, equations Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2 are written using the formulas for the substances involved. For example, a reaction used to prepare oxygen may be described in words as follows:McrcuEbook Beginning chemistry: Part 2
ry(T) oxide, when heated, yields oxygen gas plus mercury.Using the formulas for the substances involved, the process could be written54CHAPTER 7: ChemChapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic E Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2nd. The equation describes not only which substances react, but also the relative number of moles of each reactant and product. Note especially that it is the mole ratios in which the substances react, not how much is present, that the equation describes.To show the quantitative relationships, the e Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2quation must be balanced. That is, it must have the same number of atoms of each clement used up and produced (except for special equations that descrEbook Beginning chemistry: Part 2
ibe nuclear reactions). The law of conservation of mass is obeyed as well as the law of conservation of atoms. Coeffi- \ dents are used before the forChapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic E Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2each formula unit is multiplied by the coefficient to get the total number of atoms of each element involved. When equations with individual ions are written, the net charge on each side of the equation, as well as the numbers of atoms of each element, must be the same to have a balanced equation. T Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2he absence of a coefficient in a balanced equation implies a coefficient of one.Balancing Simple EquationsIf you know the reactants and products of aEbook Beginning chemistry: Part 2
chemical reaction, you should be able to write an equation for the reaction and balance it. In writing the equation, first write the correct formulas Chapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic E Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2r substances involved.Before the equation is balanced, there are no coefficients for any reactant or product. To prevent ambiguity while balancing the equation, place a question mark in front of every substance. Assume a coefficient of one for the most complicated substance in the equation. Then, wo Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2rk from this substance to figure out the coefficient of the others, one at a time.Replace each question mark as you figure out each coefficient. If anEbook Beginning chemistry: Part 2
element appears in more than one reactant or product, leave that element56 BEGINNING CHEMISTRYfor last. If a polyatomic ion is involved that does notChapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic E Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2efficient for all the substances, if any fractions are present multiply every coefficient by the same small integer to clear the fractions.For example, balance the following equation:CoF3 + KI -» KF + Col2 +12First, assume a coefficient of one for the most complicated reactant or product and insert Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2question marks for the other coefficients:1 CoF. + ? KI -> ? KF 4- ? Col2 + ? I2Replace each question mark with a coefficient one at a lime.1 CoF3 + 3Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2
KI -»3 KF+ 1 CoI2 + ’/2I2Since a fraction is present, multiply every coefficient by the same small integer to clear the fractions. In this example, mChapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic E Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2t on both sides of the equation after you are finished.Predicting the Products of a ReactionBefore you can balance an equation, you have to know the formulas for all the reactants and products. If the names are given for these substances, you have to know how to write the formulas from the names (Ch Ebook Beginning chemistry: Part 2apter 5).Chapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic EChapter 7Chemical EquationsIn This Chapter:✓ Chemical Equationss Balancing simple Equationsự Predicting the Productsof a Reactionự Writing Net Ionic EGọi ngay
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