Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2
Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2
CHAPTER7Congenital Abnormalities of the Optic NerveAkio Vagge and Leonard B. Nelson HOPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIAOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenita Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2al, nonprogressive developmental abnormality in which the optic nene is smaller than usual because of reduced numbers of retinal ganglion cells. It is frequently associated with other central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities.ONH may be unilateral or bilateral (80%) and may be asymmetric.Most commo Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2n congenital optic disc anomalyOptic nerve aplasia is rare. No pupillary light reflex and absence of the optic disc, nerve fiber layer, and retinal blEbook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2
ood vessels on examination.EtiologyNot completely understoodParental drug and alcohol abuse contributes to an increasing prevalence of ONH. Drug assocCHAPTER7Congenital Abnormalities of the Optic NerveAkio Vagge and Leonard B. Nelson HOPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIAOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenita Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2etes have also been implicated in some cases (associated with subtype—superior segmental optic hypoplasia).GeneticsMost cases are sporadic.Bilateral ONH is inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern based on the few families reported. Mutation in the PAX6 (1 Iq 13) gene is responsible.Mutation in th Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2e HESX1 gene has been identified in sporadic septo-opto dysplasia and pituitary disease.Mutation in the TOBA8 gene is associated with polymicrogyria aEbook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2
nd ONH.SymptomsDecreased vision in one or both eyesSfrabismus may be associated with unilateral ONH.SignsRange of visual acuity is 20/20 to no light pCHAPTER7Congenital Abnormalities of the Optic NerveAkio Vagge and Leonard B. Nelson HOPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIAOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenita Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2 a result of accompanying strabismus and anisometropiaNystagmus: often develops at 1 to 3 months of age in bilateral casesSưabismus may be associated with unilateral ONH.Afferent pupil defect in asymmetric or unilateral casesVisual fields (VFs) often have localized defects as well as general constri Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2ction.Abnormally small optic nerve head, often gray or pale in color with “double-ring sign” (scleral canal surrounds a small optic nerve) (Fig. 7-1)SEbook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2
uperior segmental hypoplasia of the optic nen e is a segmental form of ONH occurring in some children of insulin-dependent diabetic mother.Retinal vasCHAPTER7Congenital Abnormalities of the Optic NerveAkio Vagge and Leonard B. Nelson HOPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIAOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenita Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2 and thinning or agenesis of the corpus callosumEndocrine dysfunction: pituitary gland abnormalities in approximately 15% of patients with ONH. Patients are at risk for hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction such as growth hormone deficiency (most common), hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, panhypo Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2pituitarism, and diabetes insipidus.Cerebral anomalies such as error in hemispheric migration (schizencephaly, cortical heterotopias) or hemispheric iEbook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2
njury' (periventricular leukomalacia [PVL],encephalomalacia). PVL can be associated with another form of ONH characterized by large optic cups and a tCHAPTER7Congenital Abnormalities of the Optic NerveAkio Vagge and Leonard B. Nelson HOPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIAOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenita Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2ral lesions in the optic radiations.Developmental delay more common in patients with bilateral ON11, highly correlated with corpus callosum hypoplasia and hypothyroidism Ebook Color atlas amp; synopsis of clinical ophthalmology pediatric ophthalmology (2/E): Part 2CHAPTER7Congenital Abnormalities of the Optic NerveAkio Vagge and Leonard B. Nelson HOPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIAOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenitaGọi ngay
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