Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
www.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2te and social rates of return to men, women, blacks, and other groups from investments in different levels of education.—Gary Becker, Nobet laureate in economicsWhat makes for a good health system? What makes a health system fair? And how do we know whether a health system is performing as well as i Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2t could? These questions are the subject of public debate in most countries around the world.—Cro Harlem Brundtland, director general, World Health OrEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
ganization, 2000[Education] can add to the value of production in the economy and also to the income of the person who has been educated. But even witwww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2 being taken more seriously by others and so on.—Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, Development as f reedom, 1999The slow improvement in the health status of our people has been a matter of great concern. There is no denying the fact that we have not paid adequate attention to this dimension of development Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2 thus far.—Manmohan Singh, prime minister of India, 20058.1 The Central Roles of Education and HealthEducation and health are basic objectives of deveEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
lopment; they are important ends in themselves. Health is central to well-being, and education is essential for a satisfying and rewarding life; both www.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2time, education plays a key role in the ability of a developing country to absorb modem technology and to develop the capacity for self-sustaining growth and development. Moreover, health is a prerequisite for increases in productivity, and successful education relies on adequate health as well. Thu Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2s both health and education can also be seen as vital components of growth and development—as inputs to the aggregate production function. Their dualEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
role as both inputs and outputs gives health and education their central importance in economic development.It is hard to overstate how truly dramaticwww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2lity hl nsiil anil write.Human capital Pnuluctivi* investments embodied in human persons, including skills, •ibilitii-., ideals, health, anil lix'atiims, often resulting from expenditures on education, on-the-job training programs, and medical can*.PART TWO Problems and Policies: Domesticthe develop Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2ing world as a whole died before their fifth birthday. By 2008, that number had fallen to 118 per 1,000 in low-income countries, and 57 per 1,000 in mEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
iddle-income countries (though now compared with 7 per 1 ,(XX> in high-income countries and just 4 in many European countries).1 Some important killerwww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2oratory samples. Major childhood illnesses such as rubella and polio have been largely controlled through the use of vaccines. In addition, recent decades have witnessed a historically unprecedented extension of literacy and other basic education to a majority of people in the developing world. I he Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2 United Nations reports that although there were still a staggering 780 million illiterate people aged 15 or older in lite world in 2004, the good newEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
s is that 82% of all people are literate today, compared to just 63% as recently as 1970.7 But almost two-thirds of the world's illiterate people are www.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2 education of their people. The distribution of health and education within countries is as important as income distribution; life expectancy may be quite high for better-off people in developing countries but far lower for the poor. Child mortality rates in developing countries remain more than ten Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2 times higher than those found in the rich countries. These deaths generally result from conditions that are easily treatable, including millions whoEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
continue to die needlessly each year from dehydration caused by diarrhea. If child death rates in developing countries fell to those prevailing in thewww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2s of malnutrition, debilitating parasitic infections, and other recurrent illnesses. Problems caused by lack of key micronutrients such as iodine, as well as protein, affect nearly 2 billion people, but children are particularly vulnerable. Whereas a child in Europe, North America, or Japan can expe Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2ct to receive more than 12 years of schooling, the average child in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can expect to spend less than five years in schoEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
ol—before taking account of teacher absenteeism and making no adjustment for the lack of schoolbooks and other resources even when a teacher is presenwww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2the roles of education and health in economic development. These two human capital issues are treated together because of their close relationship. Our look al the connections between health and education include similar analytical treatment, because both are forms of human capital; the dual impacts Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2 of effects of health spending on the effectiveness of the educational system and vice versa; and the fundamental fact that when we speak of investingEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
in a person's health and investing in a person's education, wo arc after all talking about the same person. We then consider the relationships betweewww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2rantee of improved health and education: I luman capital must be given direct attention in its own right, even in economies that are growing rapidly. I lealth and education may be distributed very unequally, just as income and wealth are. But improved health and education help families escape some o Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2fwww.downloadslide.netCH APTER 8 Human Capital: Education and Health in Economic Development361■■ BOX 8.1 Health and Education: Voices of the PoorIf yEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
ou don't have motley today, your disease will take you to your grave.—An old woman from GhanaThe c hildren keep playing in the sewage.—Sacadura Cabralwww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privat Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2... They give us other medic ines that ate not for the health problem you have.—A young man from La Calera, EcuadorThe school was OK, but now it is in shambles; there are no teac hers for weeks. . . . There is no safety and no hygiene.—Vila lunqueira. BrazilIf parents do not meet these payments, whi Ebook Economic development (11/E): Part 2ch areas high as -Ỉ0 to 50 rupees per month, the teachers were reported to beat the student or submit a failing grade for her/him.—Pakistan (“Voice ofEbook Economic development (11/E): Part 2
the Poor”)www.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privatwww.downloadslide.netHuman Capital: Education and Health in Economic DevelopmentMy work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both privatGọi ngay
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