Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
Musculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocations Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2s: generalprinciples1508.4Fractures and dislocations: specific areas 1578.5 Internal joint derangement: methods ofinvestigation1738.6Approach to arthropathies1768.7Approach to primary bone tumours1798.8Miscellaneous common bone conditions 1818.1IMAGING INVESTIGATION OFTHE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM8.1.1 Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2RadiographsRadiographs are indicated in all fractures and dislocations. Radiographs are often sufficient for diagnosis in general bone conditions suchEbook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
as Paget’s disease. Most bone tumours and other focal bone lesions are characterized by clinical history and plain radiographs. MRI and CT are used fMusculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocations Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2on of radiography is insensitivity for early bony changes in conditions such as osteomyelitis and stress fractures.8.1.2CTMultidetector CT is used for further delineation of complex fractures. Common indications include depressed fracture of the tibial plateau, comminuted fracture of the calcaneus, Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2and fractures involving articular surfaces. CT may also be used to diagnose complications of fractures such as nonunion. CT may assist in staging boneEbook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
tumours by demonstrating specific features, such as soft tissue extension and cortical destruction.8.1.3ScintigraphyBone scintigraphy, commonly knownMusculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocations Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2 todemonstrate pathologies such as subtle undisplaced fractures, stress fractures and osteomyelitis prior to radiographic changes becoming apparent. Scintigraphy is also able to image the entire skeleton and is therefore the investigation of choice for screening for skeletal metaslasesand other mult Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2ifocal tumours. The commonest exception to tins is multiple myeloma, which may be difficult to appreciate on scintigraphy. Skeletal survey (radiographEbook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
s of the entire skeleton) or whole body MRI are usually indicated to assess the extent of multiple myeloma.The major limitation of bone scintigraphy iMusculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocations Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2uired for definitive diagnosis. Bone scintigraphy in combination with CT (SPECT-CT) reduces the rate of false-positive studies.8.1.4USMusculoskeletal US (MSUS) is used to assess the soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system, i.e. tendons, ligaments and muscles. MSƯS is able to diagnose muscle and t Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2endon tears. MSUS is also used to assess superficial soft tissue masses and is able to provide a definitive diagnosis for common pathologies such as gEbook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
anglion and superficial lipoma. MSUS is highly sensitive for the detection of soft tissue foreign bodies, including those not visible on radiographs, Musculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocations Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2angements.148Musculoskeletal system8.1.5MRIMRI is able to visualize all of the different tissues of the musculoskeletal system including cortical and medullary bone, hyaline and fibrocartilage, tendon, ligament and muscle. As such, MRI has a wide diversity of applications including internal derangem Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2ents of joints, staging of bone and soft tissue tumours, and diagnosis of early or subtle bone changes in osteomyelitis, stress fracture and trauma.8.Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
2HOW TO LOOK AT A SKELETALRADIOGRAPH8.2.1Technical assessmentAs is the case with CXR and AXR, a skeletal radiograph should be assessed for technical aMusculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocations Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2diograph of a bone or joint include:•Fine bony detail, including sharp definition of bony surfaces and visibility of bony trabeculae•Soft tissue detail, such as fat planes between muscles•Where a joint is being examined, the articular surfaces should be visible with radiographs angled to show minima Ebook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2l overlap of adjacent bones.Some bony overlap is unavoidable in complex areas such as the ankle and wrist, and multiple views with different angulatioEbook Imaging for students (4/E): Part 2
ns may be required to show the desired anatomy.8.2.2Normal radiographic anatomyMusculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocationsMusculoskeletal system8.1Imaging investigation of themusculoskeletal system1478.2How to look al a skeletal radiograph 1488.3Fractures and dislocationsGọi ngay
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