Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
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Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
Kidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2ntroductionElectron microscopy has been extensively used in morphological studies of kidney to reveal ultrastructural details beyond the resolving power of the light microscope. Such studies carried out on human adult kidney are performed on autopsy, biopsy, or surgical samples. Because glomeruli Us Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2ually are better preserved than are kidney tubules during processing for electron microscopy. studies tended to concentrate mainly on glomerular ultraEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
structure in the mature kidney 11—31. adding relatively little information on tubular fine structure |4|.Moreover, the focus of pathologists on glomerKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2s been adduced [8. 9Ị. As a result, many questions on this matter remain to beM. Piludu. Ph.D. (El)Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy e-mail: mpiladu@unica.ilc. Mocci, M.D. • M. Pirns. Ph.D.G. Senes, BiologistDepartment of Surgical Sciences.Division of Patholo Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2gy, University of Cagliari.Cagliari. ItalyT. Congiu. Ph.D.Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, Laboratory of Human Morphology. Varese. IEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
talyanswered. Recently, however, growing interest in renal regeneration has led to the emergence of ultrastructural investigations on mammalian kidneyKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2al events that characterize the early stages of kidney development and new hypotheses are coming forth.Although significant attention has been paid to the human kidney, more interest in specific experimental animal models is becoming manifest. mainly due to significant improvements in specimen prepa Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2ration. Renal tissues are labile structures that undergo profound ultrastructural alterations if chemical fixation is not performed immediately afterEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
the tissue sample has been separated from its oxygen supply. Significant delays in fixation of human samples coming from autopsy or following biopsy oKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2 procedures in mouse and rat have given better results, preserving and resolving renal structures to a desirable degree. Moreover, well-characterized experimental animal models can be monitored in a timed fashion, so that electron microscopy analyses can be performed at each stage of the renal devel Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2opment process. The very early stages of nephrogenesis can be investigated in detail, permitting correlation between tine structure and involved molecEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
ular mechanisms. Although differences in the renal embryology have been43G. Faa and V. Fanos (eds.). Kidney Development in Renal Pathology. Current ClKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2 animal species (in rat and mouse, kidneys are not fully formed al birth and additional nephrons develop in the outer portion of the renal cortex during the first postnatal week), humans and the other mammals seem to share same molecular mechanisms and a similar sequence of renal morphogenetic event Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2s. The experimental animal models play a significant role in the study and understanding of the mechanisms that culminate in the formation of the adulEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
t kidney and may till the existing gaps in knowledge of the molecular and morphological mechanisms involved in nephrogenesis. The aim of this chapter Kidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2 and man. It is not the last word on such matters, but shows a new way to look at forming renal structures, suggesting meaningful correlations with light microscopic observations and those of other investigative disciplines, including molecular biology, physiology, and pathology.This is only the lip Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2 of the iceberg. We are approaching the terra incognita of kidney development and many intriguing features of this process are waiting to be discovereEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
d.Fine Structure of Cap Mesenchyme in the Early Development Stages of the Mouse NephrogenesisTo the best of our know ledge, no detailed studies have aKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2al phenotype. This chapter includes the latest findings concerning the very early stages of the sequence of the morphological events that lead to glomenilogenesis and tubulogenesis. using an "ad hoc animal model." The mouse renal tissues used in our studies were obtained from newborn mice housed in Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2a pathogen-free environment in a local animal care facility. They were euthanized according to the guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory AnimaEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
ls (National Institutes of Health) and the EuropeanCommunities Council Directive for the use of animals in scientific experiments.As mentioned above, Kidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2ldehyde and glutaraldehyde. In our study, kidney specimens were fixed immediately after surgery. In general, for transmission electron microscopic analysis the fixed renal tissues are processed by standard methods for embedding in specific resins. One micrometer sections are cut and collected on gla Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2ss slides for preliminary light microscopic observations. For ultrastructural investigation, ultrathin sections are collected on grids, stained, and oEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
bserved in a transmission electron microscope (TEM).At light microscopy level, the outer portions of the developing renal cortex are characterized bycKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2d cells that represent the remnants of the metanephric mesenchyme (Fig. 4.1). At this stage of development the entire subcapsular region is reminiscent of dow ntow n traffic flow, w ith the renal primordial constituents seemingly-interacting under the control of specific rules [ 111. At low power, c Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2ap mesenchymal aggregates are seen to envelop a branch of a single ureteric bud (UB) (Fig. 4.1). Their cells go through intense proliferation that reoEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
rganizes the cap mesenchymal aggregates to form spherical cysts, the so-called renal vesicles. Based on light microscopy, this early developmental staKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2n the two extremes of cap mesenchyme and renal vesicle.With TEM. an extraordinary panorama becomes apparent to the observer. The higher resolving power of the electron microscope reveals details beyond those obtainable by light microscopy, accentuating the morphological changes that occur during the Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2 early stages of renal vesicle formation.It is obvious that the role of the electron microscopy is not to gainsay but rather to find4 Kidney DevelopmeEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
nt: Nev/ Insights on Transmission Electron Microscopy45Fig. 4.1 (a. b) Light micrographs of the developing mouse renal cortex showing active nephrogenKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2ations [12-15J. acquiring further ultrastructural informations concerning the specific morphological events occurring during the early stages of cap mesenchymal development and differentiation and highlighting the tine structure of cell organization in the cap mesenchymal aggregates. It’s well known Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2 that the subsequent steps of nephron development are characterized by the mesenchymal-to-epithelialtransition of cap mesenchymal cells, which eventuaEbook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2
lly will form most of the epithelia of the mature human kidney 116. 17]. however in the last years no extensive ultrastructural studies have been repoKidney Development: New Insights on Transmission Electron4MicroscopyMarco Piludu, Cristina Mocci, Monica Piras, Giancarlo Senes, and Terenzio CongiuIn Ebook Kidney development in renal pathology: Part 2al vesicle. At higher magnification, their architecture is emphasized, showing variability in their morphologicalGọi ngay
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