Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
PARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2nductorsSINCE THE 1960S, WHEN THE TRANSISTOR BECAME COMMON IN CONSUMER DEVICES, SEMICONDUCTORS have acquired a dominating role in electronics. The term semiconductor arises from (he ability of these materials to conduct some of (he time, bur nor all rhe rime. The conductivity can be controlled ro pr Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2oduce effects such as amplification, rectification, oscillation, signal mixing, and switching.The Semiconductor RevolutionDecades ago, vacuum tubes, aEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
lso known as electron tubes, were the only devices available for use as amplifiers, oscillators, detectors, and other electronic circuits and systems.PARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2 microwave oscillators, and video display units.Tubes generally require high voltage. Even in modest radio receivers, 100 V ro 200 V de was required when rubes were employed. This mandated bulky power supplies, and created an electrical shock hazard. Nowadays, a transistor of microscopic dimensions Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2can perform the functions of a tube in most situations. The power supply can be a couple of AA cells or a 9-V transistor battery.Even in high-power apEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
plications, transistors arc smaller and lighter than tubes. Figure 19-1 is a size comparison drawing between a transistor and a vacuum rube for use inPARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2cuum rubes. An excellent example of this technology is found in personal computers and the peripheral devices used with them.19-1 A power-amplifier transistor (at left) is much smaller than a vacuum tube of comparable powerhandling capacity (right).315Copyright© 2006. 2002, 1997. 1993 by The McGraw- Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.316 Introduction to SemiconductorsSemiconductor MaterialsVarious elements, compounds, and mixtures caEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
n function as semiconductors. The two most common materials arc silicon and a compound of gallium and arsenic known as gallium arsenide (often abbreviPARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2 often. Other substances that work as semiconductors are selenium, cadmium compounds, indium compounds, and rhe oxides of certain metals.SiliconSilicon (chemical symbol Si) is widely used in diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. Generally, other substances, or impurities, must be added to si Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2licon to give it the desired properties. The best quality- silicon is obtained by growing crystals in a laboratory. The silicon is then fabricated intEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
o wafers or chips.Gallium ArsenideAnother common semiconductor is the compound gallium arsenide. Engineers and technicians call this material by its aPARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2 devices require little voltage, and will function ar higher frequencies than silicon devices because rhe charge carriers move faster through rhe semiconductor material. GaAs devices are relatively immune to rhe effects of ionizing radiation such as X rays and gamma rays. GaAs is used in light-emitt Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2ing diodes (LEDs), infrared-emitting diodes (IREDs), laser diodes, visible-light and infrared (IR) detectors, ultra-high-frequency (LJHF) amplifying dEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
evices, and a variety of integrated circuits.SeleniumSelenium exhibits conductivity that varies depending on the intensity- of visible light or IR radPARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2specially pronounced. For this reason, selenium is useful for making photocells. Selenium is also used in certain types of rectifiers. A rectifier is a component or circuit that converts ac to pulsating de.A significant advantage of selenium is the fact that it is electrically rugged. Selenium-based Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2 components can withstand brief transients, or spikes, of abnormally high voltage, better than components made with most other semiconductor materialsEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
.GermaniumPure elemental germanium is a poor electrical conductor. It becomes a semiconductor only when impurities are added. Germanium was used extenPARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2red with 0.6 V for silicon and 1 V for selenium) when it conducts, and this makes it useful in some situations. But germanium is easily destroyed by heat. Extreme care must be used when soldering the leads of a germanium component.Duping and Charge Carriers 317Metal OxidesCertain metal oxides have p Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2roperties that make them useful in the manufacture ol semiconductor devices. When you hear about MOS (pronounced “moss”) or CMOS (pronounced “sea mossEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
”) technology, you arc hearing about metal-oxide semiconductor and complementary metal-oxtde semiconductor devices, respectively.An advantage ol MOS aPARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2about as long as it would on the shelf. Another advantage is high speed. Ulis allows operation al high frequencies in RE equipment, and makes it possible to perform many switching operations per second for use in computers.Certain types of transistors, and many kinds of TCs, make use of this technol Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2ogy. Tn integrated circuits, MOS and CMOS allow for a large number of discrete diodes and transistors on a single chip. Engineers would say that MOS/CEbook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2
MOS has high component density.rhe biggest problem with MOS and CMOS technology is the fact that the devices are easily damaged by static electricity.PARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to Semicon Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2 a metal wrist strap connected to a good earth ground. Otherwise, the electrostatic charges that normally build up on their bodies can destroy MOS and CMOS components when equipment is constructed or serviced. Ebook Teach yourself electricity and electronics (4th edition): Part 2PARTBasic ElectronicsCopyright© 2Ũ06, 2002. 1997. 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. Click here for terms of use.19CHAPTERIntroduction to SemiconGọi ngay
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