Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
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Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
ENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2inates the functions of all of the human body systems. The endocrine system helps to maintain homeostasis and metabolic functions, allows the body to react to stress, and regulates growth and development, including sexual development.What are the similarities between the nervous system and the endoc Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2rine system?Both the nervous system and endocrine system are devoted to maintaining homeostasis by coordinating and regulating the activities of otherEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Both systems are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. Chemical messengers are important in both systems, aENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2crine and nervous systems are regulator)’ systems that permit communication between cells, tissues, and organs. A major difference between the endocrine system and nervous system is the rate of response to a stimulus. In general, the nervous system responds to a stimulus very rapidly, often within a Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2 few milliseconds, while it may take the endocrine system seconds and sometimes hours or even days to offer a response. Furthermore, the chemical signEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
als released by the nervous system typically act over very short distances (a synapse), while hormones in the endocrine system are generally carried bENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2system are longer lasting. Examples of endocrine control are growth and reproductive ability.What are the organs of the endocrine system?The endocrine system consists of glands and other hormone-producing tissues. Glands are specialized cells that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid. Hormon Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2es are then transported to the capillaries and circulated via the blood. The major endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, aEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
nd adrenal glands. Other hormone-secreling organsare the central nervous system (hypothalamus), kidneys, heart, pancreas, thymus, ovaries, and testes.ENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2mical messengers that are secreted by the endocrine glands into the blood. Hormones are transported via the bloodstream to reach specific cells, called target cells, in other tissues. They produce a specific effect on the activity of cells that are remotely located from their point of origin.What ar Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2e target cells?Target cells are specific cells that respond to a specific hormone. Target cells have special receptors on their outer membranes that aEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
llow the individual hormones to bind to the cell. The hormones and receptors fit together much like a lock and key.How are hormones classified?ScientiENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2t are soluble in lipids. The chemical structure of hormones determines whether they are water-soluble or lipid-soluble. Water-soluble hormones include amine, peptide, and protein hormones. The steroid hormones are lipid-soluble.What are the major groups of hormones?The major groups of hormones are a Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2mine hormones, peptide and protein hormones, 164 and steroid hormones. Amine hormones are relatively small molecules that are struc-Who discovered theEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
first hormone?British physiologists William Bayliss (1860-1924) and Ernest starling (1866-1927) discovered secretin in 1902. They used the term “hormENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2tance from the chemical’s site of origin. Their famous experiment using anesthetized dogs demonstrated that dilute hydrochloric acid, mixed with partially digested food, activated a chemical substance in the duodenum (the upper part of the small intestine). This activated substance (secretin) was re Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2leased into the bloodstream and came into contact with cells of the pancreas. In the pancreas it stimulated a secretion of digestive juice into the inEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
testine through the pancreatic duct.lurally similar to amino acids. Epinephrine and norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, the thyroid hormones, and melENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2mino acids, while the protein hormones are larger with chains of fifty to two hundred or more amino acids. Examples of peptide hormones are antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. The larger thyroid-stimulating hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are examples of protein hormones.Steroid hormones are Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2 derived from cholesterol. Cortisol and the reproductive hormones (androgens in males and estrogens in females) are examples of steroid hormones.Do hoEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
rmones affect behavior?Endocrine functions and hormones interact with every other organ system in the human body. Individuals whose hormone levels areENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2 hormones are produced al an early age. for example, may demonstrate aggressive and assertive behavior in addition to the physical characteristics of maturation. In adults, changes in hormonal levels may have significant effects on intellectual capabilities, memory, learning, and emotional states.Ho Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2w do paracrine hormones differ from circulating hormones?Local hormones become active without first entering the bloodstream. They act locally on theEbook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2
same cell that secreted them or on neighboring cells. I/)cal secretion of pro-inflammatory factors increases extravasation from blood vessels to produENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordi Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2ported to their target cells.Which endocrine glands produce which hormones?Each endocrine gland produces specific hormones. The following table explains the gland and the hormone or hormones produced:m z p p Q Xz m165 Ebook The handy anatomy answer book (2/E): Part 2ENDOCRINE SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONWhat are the functions of the endocrine system?The endocrine system, together with the nervous system, controls and coordiGọi ngay
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