Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
Part OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewion and architecture are presented.7Introduction1.1Organization and Architecture1.2Structure and FunctionFunctionStructure13 Key Termsand Review Questions81.1 / ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE 9This book is about the structure and Function of computers. Its purpose is to present, as clearly and comple Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewtely as possible, the nature and characteristics of modern-day com- putcrs. This task is a challenging one for two reasons.First, there is a tremendouLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
s variety of products, from single-chip microcomputers costing a few dollars to supercomputers costing tens of millions of dollars, that can rightly cPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewas always charac- tcrized computer technology continues with no letup. These changes cover all aspects of computer technology, from the underlying integrated circuit technology used to eon- struct computer components to the increasing use of parallel organization concepts in combining those componen Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewts.In spite of the variety and pace of change in the computer field, certain fundamental concepts apply consistently throughout. To be sure, the appliLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
cation of these con- cepts depends on the current state of technology and the price/pcrformance objectives of the designer. The intent of this book isPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewissues. This chapter introduces the descriptive approach to be taken.In describing computers, a distinction is often made between computer architecture and computer organization. Although it is difficult to give precise definitions for these terms, a consensus exists about the general areas covered Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewby each (c.g.. sec [VRAN801, |SIEW82|. and |BELL78a]); an interesting alternative view is presented in |REDD76|. Computer architecture refers to thoseLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
attributes of a system visible to a pro- grammar or. put another way. those attributes that have a direct impact on the logi- cal execution of a progPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewtectural attributes include the instruction set. the number of bits used to repre- sent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters). I/O mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational attributes include those hardware details transparent to the programmer, such as control signal Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviews: interfaces between the computer and peripherals; and the memory technology used.For example, it is an architectural design issue whether a computerLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
will have a multiply instruction. It is an organizational issue whether that instruction will be im- plcmcntcd by a special multiply unit or by a mecPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewltiply instruction, the relative speed of the two ap- proaches, and the cost and physical size of a special multiply unit.Historically, and still today, the distinction between architecture and organiza- tion has been an important one. Many computer manufacturers offer a family of computer models, a Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewll with the same architecture but w ith differences inorganization. Consequently, the different models in the family nave different price and perfor-Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
mancc characteristics. Furthermore, a particular architecture may span many years and encompass a number of different computer models, its organizatioPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewuced in 1970 and in- eluded a number of models. The customer with modest requirements could buy a cheaper, slower model and. if demand increased, later upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon software that had already been developed. Over the years. IBM has introduced man Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewy new models with improved technology to replace older models, offering the customer greater speed, lower cost, or both. These newer models retained tLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
he same architecture so that the customer's software invest- ment was protected. Remarkably, the Systcm/370 architecture, with a few enhance- ments. hPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewrchi- lecture and organization is very close. Changes in technology not only influence or- ganization but also result in the introduction of more powerful and more complex architectures. Generally, there is less of a requirement for gcncration-to-gencration compatibility for these smaller machines. Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: OverviewThus, there is more interplay between or- ganizational and architectural design decisions. An intriguing example of this is the reduced instruction seLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
t computer (RISC), which we examine in Chapter 13.This book examines both computer organization and computer architecture. The emphasis is perhaps morPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewthorough treatment of organization requires a detailed examination of architecture as well.A computer is a complex system: contemporary computers contain millions of clemen- tary electronic components. How. then, can one clearly describe them? The key is to rec- ognizc the hierarchical nature of mos Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewt complex systems, including the computer |S1MO96].A hierarchical system is a set of interrelated subsystems, each of the latter, in turn, hierarchicaLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
l in structure until w e reach some lowest level of elementary subsystem.The hierarchical nature of complex systems is essential to both their design Part OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizati Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewponents and their intcrrcla- tionships. The behavior al each level depends only on a simplified, abstracted charac- tcrization of the system at the next lower level. At each level, the designer is concerned with structure and function:• Structure: The way in which the components are interrelated• Fu Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overviewnction: The operation of each individual component as part of the structureIn terms of description, we have two choices: starting at the bottom and buLecture note Computer Organization - Part 1: Overview
ild- ing up to a complete description, or beginning with a lop view' and decomposing the system into its .subparts. Evidence from a number of HeldsPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizatiPart OneThe purpose of Part One is to provide a background and context for the remainder of this book. The fundamental concepts of computer organizatiGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook