Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
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Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the excepti Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemion of the processor, which is suffi- ciently complex to devote Part Three to its study. Part Two examines each of these components in detail.Chapter 3 A Top-Level View of ComputerFunction and InterconnectionAt a top level, a computer consists of a processor, memory, and I/O compo- nents. The functi Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemonal behavior of the system consists of the exchange of data and control signals among these components. To support this exchange, these components muLecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
st be interconnected. Chapter 3 begins with a brief examina- lion of the computer's components and their input output requirements. The chapter then l‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the excepti Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system most common approach to interconnection: the use of a structure of buses.Chapter 4 Cache MemoryComputer memory exhibits a wide range of type, technology, organiza- lion, performance, and cost. Hie typical computer system is equipped with a hierarchy of memory subsystems, some internal (directly acc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemessible by the processor) and some external (accessible by the processor via an I/O module). Chapter 4 begins with an overview of this hierarchy. NextLecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
, the chapter deals in detail with the design of cache memory, including sepa- rate code and data caches and two-level caches.63Chapter 5Internal Memo‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the excepti Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemd low cost. As memory technology evolves, each of these three characteristics is changing, so that the design decisions in organizing main memory must be revisited anew with each new implementation. Chapter 5 focuses on design issues related to internal memory. First, the nature and organization of Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemsemiconductor main memory is examined. Then, recent advanced DRAM memory organizations arc explored.Chapter 6External MemoryFor truly large storage caLecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
pacity and for more permanent storage than is available with main memory, an external memory organization is needed. The most widely used type of exte‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the excepti Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemThen, we look at the use of RAID organization to improve disk memory performance. Chapter 6 also examines optical and tape storage.Chapter 7Input/OutputI/O modules arc interconnected w ith the processor and main memory, and each controls one or more external devices. Chapter 7 is devoted to the var- Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system ious aspects of I/O organization. This is a complex area, and less well under- stood than other areas of computer system design in terms of meeting pLecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
erformance demands. Chapter 7 examines the mechanisms by which an I/O module interacts with the rest of the computer system, using the tech- niques of‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the excepti Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemOperating System SupportA detailed examination of operating systems (OSs) is beyond the scope of this bcx)k. However, it is important to understand the basic functions of an operating system and how the OS exploits hardware to provide the de- sired performance. Chapter 8 describes the basic principl Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemes of operating systems and discusses the specific design features in the computer hard- ware intended to provide support for the operating system. ThLecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
e chapter begins w ith a brief history, which serves to identify the major types of op- crating systems and to motivate their use. Next, multiprogramm‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the excepti Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemof segmentation, paging, and virtualmemory.64A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection3.1Computer Components3.2Computer FunctionInstruction Fetch and Execute Interrupts 1/0 Function33 interconnection Structures3.4 Bus InterconnectionBus StructureMultiple-Bus 1 lierarchicsElements of Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer systemBus Design33 PCIBus StructurePCI Commands Data Transfers Arbitration3.6Recommended Reading and Web Sites3.7Key Terms, Review Questions, andProblems ApLecture note Computer Organization - Part 2.1: The computer system
pendix 3A Timing Diagrams‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the excepti‘-■ilUỈK^aBak.*Part TwoA computer system consists of a processor, memory, I/O. and the interconnections among these major components. With the exceptiGọi ngay
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