Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
Processor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example Microproc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitcessor Register Organizations123Instruction CycleThe Indirect Cycle Data Flow124Instruction PipeliningPipelining Strategy Pipeline Performance Pipeline Hazards Dealing w ith Branches Intel 80486 Pipelining125The x86 Processor FamilyRegister Organization Interrupt Processing126The ARM ProcessorProces Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitsor Organization Processor Modes Register Organization Interrupt Processing127Recommended Reading128Key Terms. Review Questions, and Problems43212.1 /Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
PROCESSOR ORGANIZATION 433KEY POINTS♦A processor includes both user-visible registers and control/status regis- lers. The former may be referenced, iProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example Microproc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitng-point numbers, addresses, in- dexes, and segment pointers. Control and status registers arc used to con- trol the operation of the processor. One obvious example is the program counter. Another important example is a program status word (PSW) that contains a variety of status and condition bits. Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitThese include bits to reflect the result of the most recent arithmetic operation, interrupt en- able bits, and an indicator of whether the processor iLecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
s executing in super- visor or user mode.♦Processors make use of instruction pipelining to speed up execution. In essence, pipelining involves breakinProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example Microproc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitnd addresses, fetch operands, execute instruction, and write operand result. Instructions move through these stages, as on an assembly line, so that in principle, each stage can be work- ing on a different instruction al the same time. The occurrence of branch- es and dependencies between instructio Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitns complicates the design and use of pipelines.This chapter discusses aspects of the processor not yet covered in Part Three and sets the stage for thLecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
e discussion of RISC and superscalar architecture in Chapters 13 and 14.We begin with a summary of processor organization. Registers, which form the iProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example Microproc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitcycle. A description of the instruction cycle and a common technique known as instruction pipelining com- plcte our description. The chapter concludes with an examination of some aspects of the x86 and ARM organizations.To understand the organization of the processor, let us consider the requirement Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing units placed on the processor, the things that it must do:Fetch instruction: The processor reads an instruction from memory (register, cache, main memory)Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
.Interpret instruction: The instruction is decoded to determine wnat action IS required.•Fetch data: The execution of an instruction may require readiProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example Microproc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitta.•Write data: The results of an execution may require writing data to memory or an I/O module.To do these things, it should he clear that the processor needs to store some data temporarily. It must remember the location of the last instruction so that it can know where to get the next instruction. Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit It needs to store instructions and data tern- porarily while an instruction is being executed. In other words, the processor needs a small internal mLecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
emory.Figure 12.1 is a simplified view of a processor, indicating its connection to the rest of the system via the system bus. A similar interface wouProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example Microproc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unitn arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and a control unit (CL1). The ALU docs the actual computation or processing of data. The control unit controls the movement of data and instructions into and out of the processor and controls the operation of the ALU. In addition, the figure shows a minimal internal Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit memory, consisting of a set of storage locations, called registers.Figure 12.2 is a slightly more detailed view of the processor. The data transfer aLecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit
nd logic control paths are indicated, including an element labeled internal proves- sor hits. This clement is needed to transfer data between the variProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example Microproc Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit of the ALU. Note the similar- ity between the internal structure of the computer as a whole and the internal struc- lure of the processor. In both cases, there is a small collection of major elements (computer: processor. I/O. memory: processor: control unit. ALU. registers) connected by data paths Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 3.2: The central processing unit.Control Data Address bus bus busSystem busFigure 12.1 The CPU w ith the System BusProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example MicroprocProcessor Structure and Function121Processor Organization122Register OrganizationUser-Visible Registers Control and Status Registers Example MicroprocGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook