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Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

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Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

?«a»tr UỂỈPart FiveThe final pari of the book looks al the increasingly important area of parallel orga- nizalion. In a parallel organization, multipl

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organizationle processing units cooperate to execute applications. Whereas a superscalar processor exploits opportunities for parallel ex- eculion at the instruct

ion level, a parallel processing organization looks for a grosser level of parallelism, one that enables work to be done in parallel, and cooperativel Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

y, by multiple processors. A number of issues are raised by such organizations. For ex- ample, if multiple processors, each with its own cache, share

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

access to the same memory, hardware or software mechanisms must be employed to ensure that both processors share a valid image of main memory; this is

?«a»tr UỂỈPart FiveThe final pari of the book looks al the increasingly important area of parallel orga- nizalion. In a parallel organization, multipl

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organizationtionsTypes of Parallel Processor Systems Parallel Organizations172Symmetric MultiprocessorsOrganizationMultiprocessor operating System Design Consider

ations A Mainframe SMP173Cache Coherence and the Mesi ProtocolSoftware Solutions Hardware Solutions The MESI Protocol174Multithreading and (.'hip Mult Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

iprocessorsImplicit and Explicit Multithreading Approaches to Explicit MultithreadingExample Systems175ClustersCluster ConfigurationsOperating System

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

Design IssuesCluster Computer Architecture Blade ServersClusters Compared to SMP17/) Nonuniform Memory AccessMotivationOrganization NUMA Pros and Cons

?«a»tr UỂỈPart FiveThe final pari of the book looks al the increasingly important area of parallel orga- nizalion. In a parallel organization, multipl

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization, and Problems 628PARAM.EL PROCESSING 629KEY POINTS♦A traditional way to increase system performance is to use multiple proces- sors that can execute

in parallel to support a given workload. The two most common multiple-processor organizations arc symmetric multiprocessors (SMEs) and clusters. More Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

recently, nonuniform memory access (NUMA) systems have been introduced commercially.♦An SMP consists of multiple similar processors within the same co

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

mputer, interconnected by a bus or some sort of switching arrangement. The most critical problem to address in an SMP is that of cache coherence. Each

?«a»tr UỂỈPart FiveThe final pari of the book looks al the increasingly important area of parallel orga- nizalion. In a parallel organization, multipl

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organizationhe, then both main memory and the other cache have an invalid version of that line. Cache coherence protocols arc designed to cope with this problem.♦

When more than one processor are implemented on a single chip, the con- figuration is referred to as chip multiprocessing. A related design scheme is Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

to replicate some of the components of a single processor so that the processor can execute multiple threads concurrently: this is known as a multithr

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

eaded processor.♦A cluster is a group of interconnected, whole computers working together as a unified computing resource that can create the illusion

?«a»tr UỂỈPart FiveThe final pari of the book looks al the increasingly important area of parallel orga- nizalion. In a parallel organization, multipl

Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organizationrocessor in which the access lime from a given processor to a word in memory varies with the location of the memory word.♦A special-purpose type of pa

rallel organization is the vector facility, which is tailored to the processing of vectors or arrays of data. Lecture note Computer Organization - Part 5: Parallel organization

?«a»tr UỂỈPart FiveThe final pari of the book looks al the increasingly important area of parallel orga- nizalion. In a parallel organization, multipl

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