Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2
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Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2
Chapter 3General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the most common chronic pediatric disorder?AsthmaIs the incidence & prevalence of asthma b Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2been increasing or decreasing?Both increasingIs the morbidity & mortality from asthma increasing or decreasing?Both increasing (some studies show that M&M is leveling out. but for the boards use increasing)Which children are most likely to experience serious morbidity & mortality from asthma? (demog Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2raphic factors)•Poor children •Inner-city children •African-AmericanWhat type of asthma puts children at highest risk of death from an acute asthma epPediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2
isode?Mikl asthma (>80 % of deaths were in children with mild asthma histories)What proportion of children who have asthma should be on chronic medicaChapter 3General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the most common chronic pediatric disorder?AsthmaIs the incidence & prevalence of asthma b Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2 has to do with a bacterial endotoxin on dogs <& cats)C.M. Houser. Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology: .4 Practically Painless Review.27283General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the “hygiene hypothesis" for the etiology of asthma?Lack of microbial exposure in developed countries preven Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2ts a normal shift from fetal Type 2 Helper T-Cell dominance to Type 1 Helper T-Cell dominance Type 2 Helper T’s promote allergyWhat is the prevalencePediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2
of asthma in developing countries?<2%What is the role of obesity in asthma?Seems to be pro-inflammatoryIf you have two dogs in the household, how muchChapter 3General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the most common chronic pediatric disorder?AsthmaIs the incidence & prevalence of asthma b Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2ren. How is asthma diagnosed in these very young children, if they seem to have symptoms?Clinically - Repeated episodes of wheezing, coughing, retract ions/use of accessory muscles, tachypnea without other explanation & Response to typical asthma medicationsWhich PFTs should be used in older childre Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2n to document asthma?FEV, & FEVj/FVCWhy is it important to begin appropriate treatment of asthma, for children requiring long-term medication, as soonPediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2
as possible?Because permanent damage (airway remodeling) occurs in the first few yearsAfter permanent changes occur in the lung of an asthma patient,Chapter 3General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the most common chronic pediatric disorder?AsthmaIs the incidence & prevalence of asthma b Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2thma medication treatment - inhaled steroids or inhaled beta-agonists?Steroids - inflammation seems to be the main issue3 General Pulmonary Question and Answer hems29Do children with mild asthma develop structural changes in the lung?“Transient wheezing" that does not develop into asthma usually occ Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2urs in what setting?Which kids are at biggest risk for “transient wheezing" episodes?What anatomic difference has been observed in children with transPediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2
ient wheezing?If a child wheezes before age 3, what major risk criteria indicate a high risk of chronic asthma?If a child w heezes before age 3. w hatChapter 3General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the most common chronic pediatric disorder?AsthmaIs the incidence & prevalence of asthma b Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2ia for what index, developed by following 1.000 children to identify likely risk factors for asthma after age 5?Which children does the index just mentioned apply to?What is the expected percentage of normal FEV| for children with moderate persistent asthma?What is the expected percentage of predict Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2ed FEV| for children w ith mild forms of asthma (persistent & intermittent)?Yes - thickening of basement membranesYoung children with viral illnesses•Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology 2
Boys•h/o low birth weightChapter 3General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the most common chronic pediatric disorder?AsthmaIs the incidence & prevalence of asthma bChapter 3General Pulmonary Question and Answer ItemsWhat is the most common chronic pediatric disorder?AsthmaIs the incidence & prevalence of asthma bGọi ngay
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