Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
Chapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 and sport research? Usually the argument for ending the marginalization, discrimination and violence enacted toward sexual minorities in leisure and sport is enough to justify a need for such work. However, the complex tensions raised in our critique of the leisure and sport studies literature on le Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 sbian and gay people has changed how we think about emancipation for sexual minorities (and sexual majorities for that matter). This is not to say thaSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
t we do not believe we can strive for equality and first-class citizenship rights for sexual minorities through institutional policies and/or the effeChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 s (1995) assertion that the mainstreaming of lesbian/gay culture may have yielded a better cultural and political life for lesbians/gay men, but that (hose improvements are merely shifts in discourse and nothing more than a virtual equality. Consequently, we suggest the use of Queer, as both theory Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 and practice, for transforming the oppressive/marginalizing structures of leisure and sport, as a means of both subverting the privilege and entitlemeSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
nt earned through heterosexuality and masculinity and for questioning the heteronormative behaviours which function to maintain heterosexuality’s domiChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 t shifts US away from a narrow social psychological commitment in the study of leisure and sport behaviour in relation to sexual identity toward a more critical sociological analysis that problematizes the rigid and mutually exclusive categories of identity that organize contemporary social science Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 research, including leisure and sport studies. We believe this shift in analysis can result horn the critical employment of queer theory.94 Corey w. JSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
ohnson and Beth KivelLeisure research and people with marginal sexual identitiesAlthough prior to (he mid' 1990s there was a notable absence of scholaChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 4, 1996, 1997; Bialeschki and Pearce 1997; Caldwell Ct al. 1998; Hekma 1998; Jacobson and Samdahl 1998; Kivel and Kleiber 2000; Johnson 2001, 2005). These studies have, to varying degrees, launched a critique against the heterosexual'homosexual binary that perpetuates mainstream inequality and insti Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 tutional injustice. However, looking at the current leisure studies literature that focuses on sexual identity, we would not be able to discern much hSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
eterogeneity in the participants’ identity categories according to their intersections with gender (or other salient categories for that matter). MostChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 binary and its perpetuation of heteronormativity in leisure.Moreover, within this previous literature, researchers have focused on people who identify- as lesbian/gay/bisexual without using a framework that is based in lesbian and gay theory. In contrast, gay and lesbian theory places sexuality at t Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 he centre of a critique of the cultural and historical reproduction of heterosexuality’s dominance. The literature has focused on the leisure experienSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
ces of people who identify as lesbian/gay/bisexual without examining the meaning of lesbian and gay theory as it is applied to their experiences.This Chapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 ith, and Hayes (1998) provide one example of an exploratory study of the leisure and sport behaviour ami experiences of youth who identified as lesbian, gay male, bisexual, or questioned their sexual identities. This quantitative study focused on a broad spectrum of sexual identity issues and conclu Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 ded that leisure and sport may not always be positive for sexual minorities. Indicating that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youth are aware oSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
f their differences from the dominant culture, the authors argue that these youth are often excluded or exclude themselves from sport and leisure. ThiChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 erosexual youth encounter in their free time; problems the authors identify as linked to a pervasive heterosexual society ami institutionalized homophobia and heterosexism. However, these studies fail to lodge any substantial critique against the homosexual/heterosexual binary. Consequently, such re Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 search does little to challenge the stability of heteronormative leisure.Several other studies identified in the leisure and sport literature are moreSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
effective in their ability to document and critique the heterosexual/homosexual binary. Johnson (2001) and Kivel (1996, 1997) have both argued that gChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 ia and heterosexism.Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sport 95These studies convey how society’s heterosexist values arc created, enacted, and reinforced in leisure and sport, as well as the ways in which leisure, in particular, is used by gay men and lesbians to resist heterosexist values. Yet, Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 all of these studies use a social-psychological approach that focuses almost entirely on the individual. Consequently, the discussions are limited toSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
challenging the heterosexual/ homosexual binary as it applies to individual identity development, and offer little insight into the cultural forces aChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 y, Kivcl (1996) recognized the need for advancing this theoretical work when she wrote:Leisure as a context for identity formation should not only focus on the individual, but should also focus on the cultural ideologies which shape and influence the individual ... the next step is to begin to under Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 stand how leisure contexts contribute to a hegemonic process which creates ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’.(Kivel 1996: 204)The aforementioned studies illuSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
strate how heterosexism serves as an obstacle for gay and lesbian adolescents and young adults in pursuit of personal growth, creativity, self-expressChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 rosexual,'homosexual binary, both implicitly and explicitly. Qualitative studies conducted by Bialeschki and Pearce (1997), Hekma (1993) and Jacobson and Samdahl (1998) elucidate an interaction between individual agency and social structure. All three of these studies move toward a more critical per Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 spective of the homosexual/heterosexual binary, looking at how it is both resisted and reinforced by gay men and lesbians as (hey negotiate heteronormSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
ative ideologies.In their study on leisure in the lives of lesbian mothers, Bialeschki and Pearce (1997) examine*.! how leisure was understood and assChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 ly responsibilities were negotiated in a society where heterosexual gender roles guided typical family responsibilities. Based on their findings, Bialeschki and Pearce (1997) argued that social messages about heterosexuality are both explicitly and implicitly conveyed throughout cultural discourse a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 nd that messages and meanings about alternative family structures are excluded from that discourse. By interviewing lesbian mothers and making interprSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
etations based on their lives, Bialeschki and Pearce illuminate how leisure might serve as an exit point from heterosexuality, where lesbian mothers dChapter 7Gender, sexuality and queer theory in sportCorey w. Johnson and Beth KivelIntroductionWhy struggle for liberation in the context of leisure a Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 op their own sense of family and challenge heteronormativity by being socially visible. Such a study might therefore be deemed to provide a good example of how the heterosexual/homosexual binary is confronted in and through leisure.96 Corey w. Johnson and Beth KivelFocusing on leisure’s potential to Sport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2 have negative as well as positive consequences, Hekma (1998) conducted an extensive critique of the heterosexual/homosexual binary in the context ofSport and gender identities masculinities, femininities and sexualities (routledge critical studies in sport s) part 2
organized sports. Hekma combined qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate reportsof discrimination, formsofdiscrimination and the effects oGọi ngay
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