Sports in world history part 2
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Sports in world history part 2
Chapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 work, sport governing groups, military occupation, and the Olympic Games. These elements make up the main topics of this chapter. Sports were a part of the cultural baggage carried by Westerners abroad in their quest for empire, trade, and influence. Their ideas about sports were transferred both w Sports in world history part 2 ith deliberation and by casual circumstance to others who adapted and emulated the habits of the foreigners. It was not all one-way, and some sports sSports in world history part 2
uch as polo and judo, after acquiring the attributes of modern Western sports, found their way into the global sports network.There has been a high deChapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 duals, or nations there must be an agreement about rules. Thus, international governing bodies with their bureaucracies, ambitions, records, regulations, and championships arose to enforce the same rules for everyone. And consequently, homogenization occurred. By far the most important organization Sports in world history part 2 has been the International Olympic Committee which projected global modern sports for the Olympic Games. With the agreements to conform on such itemsSports in world history part 2
as standard distances in events, legal moves, length of contests, and acceptable equipment came also the hope for equality for all competitors. That hChapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 oved to Hawaii in 1849. As the “New York Game” caught hold in the United Stares Cartwright in 1852 enthusiastically laid out a diamond and proceeded to teach the islanders to play the game. In 1873, advocate Horace Wilson, an American teacher at Tokyo University, demonstrated baseball64 The Globaliz Sports in world history part 2 ation of Sporthad studied in Boston and who became a Red Sox fan, established the first team in his homeland. Overseas Americans who played baseball aSports in world history part 2
t their exclusive Yokohama Athletic Club and who thought that only Americans were capable of playing “America's pastime," resisted competing with the Chapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 n of rhe field because of bad weather, rhe foreigners sent a haughty telegram, “Are you trying to flee from US?”In the game the Japanese boys fumbled about at first and then won 29—4. The members of the Japanese team became immediate national heroes, greeted with banzai cheers on the streets and cel Sports in world history part 2 ebratory cups of sake at home. They had beaten the Americans at their own game. At a time when Japan was trying to modernize its country the victory wSports in world history part 2
as taken as a sign that Japan had caught up with rhe West. The humiliated Americans played two more return games and lost 32-9 and 22-6. Finally, on 4Chapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 had become a Japanese game.Other Japanese school reams formed and like rhe Ichiko players rook rhe game very seriously. Coach Suishu Tobita of the Waseda School commented, “If rhe players do not try so hard as to vomit blood in practice then they can not hope to win games. One must suffer to be good Sports in world history part 2 ." In 1925 his squad defeated a touring University of Chicago team three times in a four-game series. Japan abandoned rhe foreign game during World WaSports in world history part 2
r II, but revived it afterwards with youth teams and the establishment of a professional league in 1948. Counting television viewers, baseball became Chapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 ether welcome American professionals played for Japanese teams, and a few Japanese players jumped to the major leagues in rhe United States. Randy Bass, for example, who had played for the San Diego Padres led the Hanshin Tigers of Japan to a series victory in 1985- When his home run total threatene Sports in world history part 2 d the record of Japanese star Oh Sadaharu, however, pitchers repeatedly walked Bass to first base. On the other hand, pitcher Hideo Nomo began playingSports in world history part 2
for the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1995, without difficulty followed by others such as Ichiro Suzuki with the Seattle Mariners, Tsuyoshi Shinjo with rhe Chapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 e "world series” of the future.Baseball also spread through the Caribbean especially to Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and rhe Dominican Republic where it became more popularThe Globalization of Sport 651860s and leagues formed in the 1870s. Nemesio Guillot in 1866, for example, brought both equipment a Sports in world history part 2 nd enthusiasm for the game home to Cuba in 1866 with the result that the professional Habana Baseball Club (1872), the Matanzas Club (1873), and the ASports in world history part 2
lmandares Club (1878) formed a league in 1878.The Philadelphia Athletics toured the island in 1886 and baseball became the sport of rhe rebels who rejChapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 ir effort. During the early twentieth century white and black Americans lured by the easy money of the Cuban owners traveled to Cuba to play “winter ball" in the offseason. Baseball thus became the major sport of Cubans and a sport that has endured during rhe long isolation of the communist Castro r Sports in world history part 2 egime (1959-). Dictator Fidel Castro, who learned to love the game while a student in rhe United States has remained a baseball enthusiast.Cubans whoSports in world history part 2
fled their country when civil war broke out in 1868 introduced baseball to the Dominican Republic where it became popular with workers at the sugar reChapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 id other students in their towns. It became the most widely played sport in rhe early 1900’s and amateur league play began in Managua in 1911-1912. United States Marine occupation of the country from 1912-1933 kept interest going by supplying officials and competition for local teams. In Puerto Rico Sports in world history part 2 an initial game was played in 1896, and US soldiers who occupied the island after the Spanish-American War popularized rhe sport.Along the US-MexicanSports in world history part 2
border American construction workers and military personnel played baseball for recreation in the 1880s and rhe sport reached Mexico City in 1884. AmChapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 pts. American and Cuban professional teams toured the countryside and a summertime professional league started in 1925 when there were more than 150 amateur teams in the capital.Latin American owners offered black players $775 with all expenses for an eight-week season which was more than could be m Sports in world history part 2 ade in rhe United States. The blacks competed as equals with whites on the field and were treated as equals away from rhe field. Willie Wells, leavingSports in world history part 2
rhe Newark Eagles for Mexico in the 1930s explained:I’ve found freedom and democracy here, something I never found in rhe United States. I was brandeChapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 ckie Robinson broke the color line in the United States only light-complexioned Latin American players could make it to the major leagues. For instance, on a junket to Cuba in 1911 the second-place World Series team, the New York Giants, lost their first two games. Jose Mendez, a dark, young, fireba Sports in world history part 2 ll pitcher for the Almendares Club outperformed star pitcher Christy Mathewson, but Mendez could never make it to the major leagues. “The Black DiamonSports in world history part 2
d," however, did play and led rhe Negro Kansas City Monarchs to a championship in 1924. Once the barrier was down Latin American players came to promiChapter 4The Globalization of SportModern sports spread throughout the world from the West as a result of individual enthusiasm, Christian missionary Sports in world history part 2 ro of Cuba, and Sammy Sosa of rhe Dominican Republic. In rhe 2000 major league season about 20 percent of the players were Latin Americans.Nor only did individual players display their talents abroad, reams traveled on “missionary” tours to interest others in baseball. A. G. Spalding, baseball playe Sports in world history part 2 r, owner, and sports equipment entrepreneur, took demonstration teams to England in 1874 and 20 players around rhe world in 1888-1889- In Australia SpSports in world history part 2
alding was careful to present baseball as a winter sport, not as a substitute for cricket. The players also performed in Hawaii, New Zealand, Egypt, IGọi ngay
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