Sprawl and suburbia part 2
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Sprawl and suburbia part 2
Sprawl and suburbia part 2
6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 precipitated significant ongoing public and private “Smart Growth" initiatives, I have “situated knowledge" of specific examples to both corroborate and question Alex Krieger's and Matthew Kiefer's more general comments on the discourse on sprawl and Smart Growth. As both authors point out, Smart Gr Sprawl and suburbia part 2 owth is difficult to define precisely. Atlanta's attempts to put Smart Growth into practice reveal an even messier, one-step-forward, two-steps-back,Sprawl and suburbia part 2
multipronged effort involving U.S. government-pressured regional planning on the one hand, and market-driven individual development projects on the ot6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 ences. Successes and failures have occurred at both the regional and the project scales. The battle against sprawl is nor being won— yet—(nor is Smart Growth likely to alter the vast established physical pattern1), but its multiple manifestations have already succeeded in providing Atlantans with a Sprawl and suburbia part 2 much broader array of living, working, and transportation choices.„.,,158Ellen Dunham-JonesAtlanta, Georgia. Photograph by Digital-Vision.there is a dSprawl and suburbia part 2
ebate.2 (Krieger especially seems to relish playing academic contrarian by giving the conservative O'Toole significant airtime but without rigorously 6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 on by focusing on the past and present historiography and on the battle for rhe public imagination. He emphasizes the need for political will in order to enact progressive policies but is skeptical that they can be realized. Kiefer asks pragmatic questions about the costs of redevelopment versus new Sprawl and suburbia part 2 development, about the real causes and cures of the problems, and what precisely distinguishes sprawl from smarter growth (not as simple a question aSprawl and suburbia part 2
s it may seem). If Krieger focuses on the role of policy to advance Smart Growth, Kiefer focuses on the need for Smart Growth alternatives to prove th6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 ight. A crisis generated the political will to institute regional planning (even if it is not yet as effective as it might be), while recognition of the growing market for more urban living generated the popular will to support a growing number of mixed-use, liifrkpr ilpncirv -inrl riffAn fMncir_Mfi Sprawl and suburbia part 2 pnrp/l /IpVí^l Ante IMfpn if rliAV59booming Atlanta in 1995, the Georgia Conservancy, an environmental advocacy organization, partnered with the AtlanSprawl and suburbia part 2
ta chapters of the Urban Land Institute and the National Home Builders Association to host a series of symposia on combining environmental preservatio6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 ned with the region’s growth. I lowever, it quickly became the sword of Damocles that transformed discussions of Smart Growth into actions. In 1996 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) warned Metro Atlanta that it would use its powers under Clean Air Act amendments to block future federal fundi Sprawl and suburbia part 2 ng for highway construction unless the region took significant steps to reduce high ozone and smog levels. Despite attempts by the Atlanta Regional CoSprawl and suburbia part 2
mmission (ARC') to produce an acceptable transportation plan intended to bring the region's air quality into compliance with state standards by 2005, 6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 posing that Atlanta’s problems with sprawl might surpass those of Los Angeles and rumors that major companies had already decided against relocating to the region, top business leaders and government officials convened a series of “summit" meetings that led to the creation in 1999 of the Georgia Reg Sprawl and suburbia part 2 ional Transportation Authority (GRTA).6 GRTA was charged with coordinating the planning and funding of transportation through the region. And while noSprawl and suburbia part 2
t specifically charged with connecting transportation and air quality to land use, GRÌ A leaders made this part of their mission in 2000 so that they 6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 romotes Smart Growth development around existing activity centers and proposed transit stops and protection of watersheds but otherwise lacks regulatory power or more specific locational criteria for targeting where growth should and should not occur. 1 lowever, regional planning was given further l Sprawl and suburbia part 2 everage in 2001 with the creation for a sixteen-county area of another regional planning agency, the Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning DistricSprawl and suburbia part 2
t." More recent regional initiatives have formed, focusing on open spaceSmart Growth in Atlanta60Ellen Dunham-Joneswith each other, bur they have alre6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 reement to enforce ARC'S 1999 25-Year Transportation Plan, designating approximately $40 billion toward over two thousand transportation projects and programs intended to increase mobility and reduce harmful emissions, including major transit projects, bicycle paths, and sidewalks. Meanwhile another Sprawl and suburbia part 2 lawsuit is holding up S400 million worth of transportation funding, the EPA has further extended the Metro Atlanta deadline for air quality attainmenSprawl and suburbia part 2
t to 2004, and the new governor just cut stare funding from all but bus-related transit projects.Despite these significant setbacks, acceptance of the6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 illiams, CEO of Post Properties, one of the largest REITs in the country, and chair of the Metro Chamber of Commerce, committed themselves to New Urbanism and Smart Growth with in-town, urban, mixed-use projects.9 Williams endowed a professorship at Georgia Tech to direct a new research Center for Q Sprawl and suburbia part 2 uality Growth and Regional Development. In 1997, the Midtown Alliance, joining residents and business owners, began a community-based planning processSprawl and suburbia part 2
that has resulted in a coherent urban vision of pedestrian-friendly streets; creation of a Midtown Improvement District that is planning $41 million 6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 of redevelopment and urban living for other areas in the region. Over the past four years, the ARC'S Livable Centers Initiative (LCI) has seeded revitalization planning for over forty projects in the region. This year the ARC began distributing implementation funds for the best LCI plans, most of t Sprawl and suburbia part 2 hem providing infrastructure to attract redevelopment of dead malls, vacant transit stops, or blighted commercial strips into mixed-use, pedestrian-frSprawl and suburbia part 2
iendly destinations.10 This past year also saw the first express bus service between Atlanta and several suburban counties, three new live-work, mixed6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 nsfer of Development R ialitc orrlin-.mre in the Qt-.ite itn nrpcprw 4í) ÍÌÍÌÍ) Ail ’.irrpc(mostly multifamily) in Midtown since 1997,11 and construction on two particularly large transit-oriented redevelopments, Atlantic Station and Lindbergh City Center. Much of the credit for public interest and Sprawl and suburbia part 2 understanding of these initiatives goes to rhe excellent coverage since 1997 of development issues in the weekly “Horizon" section of the Atlanta JourSprawl and suburbia part 2
nal-Constitution}1Thirty acres of underground parking garage were built ar Atlantic Station, an example of Smart Growth and New Urbanism that far exce6Smart Growth in Atlanta:A Response to Krieger and KieferEllen Dunham-JonesLiving in Atlanta, a city whose reputation as rhe poster child for sprawl p Sprawl and suburbia part 2 idtown neighborhood and adjacent to Atlanta's Amtrak station, Atlantic Station is billed as the largest brownfield redevelopment project in the country. Construction of its two levels of parking and one level of building services is almost complete, and a dozen floors of the first office tower have Sprawl and suburbia part 2 been poured. The garage is simultaneously the containment cap over the contaminated soil from the site’s former life as rhe Atlantic Steel Mill and thSprawl and suburbia part 2
e base for eight million square feet of retail, entertainment, office, hotel, and residential development. The rest of the 140-acre site calls for subGọi ngay
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