2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
An Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshiptive SummaryInstitutions shape the rules of the game in societies and affect the behavior of individuals and organizations in all facets of life. Watershed management is no exception. In order to understand how individuals define, use and conserve environmental resources, and to plan interventions t 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshiphat successfully conserve biodiversity, it is essential that the institutional landscape be approached as carefully as the ecological (Barrett et al 22264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
001).I spent one month in Ecuador evaluating institutions. As a result of a number of formal and informal interviews, I identified two primary concernAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipional frameworks based on decentralization, modernization and privatization have severely rearranged the roles of public agencies in Ecuador. This has left the central government without a clear direction for formulating and implementing policy.Institutional Complexity. Institutional complexity has 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipreached new heights in Ecuador. Government agencies, non-governmental organizations and private industry all have projects in watersheds throughout th2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
e country, yet there is virtually no communication or cooperation in planning or implementing these projects.Based on my findings, I recommend the folAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipanning actual projects based on its baseline data, I recommend community meetings to bring together various stakeholders and interested organizations.Address Local Politics. In order to strengthen institutional collaboration, local politics will have to be addressed no matter how frustrating they ca 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipn be.I also identified five additional issues that could be more carefully explored and considered by the SANREM-CRSP team:Migration. Migration is pre2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
valent in communities throughout the Chimbo River Watershed, however it has neither led to agricultural abandonment nor have remittances been dedicateAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipdecreased substantially over the past two or three decades.Reforestation. The dominant discourse in the Chimbo River Watershed is reforestation, but the primary concerns with this initiative are what types of trees to plant, and where and how they should be planted.2https: //k hot h u vien .comParti 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipcipation. Participation is happening during the implementation phase of projects, rather than at every stage of project design and management.Gender.2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
Although women do most tasks relating to water, including irrigation, their participation in water user agencies that make water use decisions is veryAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipachieve efficient and productive water use in the region. Privatization, it is argued, would allow for the transferability and marketability of water so that it can be used where marginal returns are highest. Central to privatization schemes are clearly defined and enforceable water rights, which de 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshiplineate the rules for water allocation and use, and provide the means for describing and accounting for committed uses (Bolens and Zwarteveen 2005).In2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
an ethnically diverse region such as the Andes, where access to productive resources is highly unequal, the neoliberal model of water use is insufficAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship are not clearly defined or enforceable, and they are influenced by a myriad of formal and informal institutions that shape the rules of the game. In order to make effective policy decisions, or to plan interventions that successfully conserve water and biodiversity in the Andes, it is essential tha 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipt the institutional landscape be approached as carefully as the ecological (Barrett et al 2001). North defines institutions as the "rules of the game2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
in a society or, more formally...the humanly derived constraints that shape human interaction" (2001).The issue of water in the Andes is both relevantAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipntaminated water, and pressures to achieve sustainable development, that is, the need for impoverished residents to improve their livelihoods without compromising the environment. The Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program (SANREM-CRSP) is one 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipsuch sustainable development project in which I had the fortune of participating. The project focuses on the promotion of Stakeholder empowerment and2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
improved livelihood security through knowledgebased sustainable agriculture and natural resource management systems.1 It is active in both Ecuador andAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_InternshipQuito and Guaranda, the capital of Bolivar Province and regional hub for the project. My goal was to gain a clearer understanding of the institutional factors affecting the management of the Chimbo River Watershed. I was particularly interested in the impact of institutions on water rights, usage an 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipd access, and focused my research on clarifying the complex interaction of national, regional and local institutions as they affected lived experience2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
in the highlands. I found, as have others (Roth et al’ More information at: http:.'7v> ww.oired.vt.etla'sanremcrspi'intlex.php32005), that in the AndAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipyet they also have their own equally relevant legal frameworks based on communal traditions, customs and rights that have become institutionalized over centuries.Due to time and resource constraints I was unable to determine every formal and informal Institution that affects management of the Chimbo 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship River Watershed: however I found that the institutional environment was even more complex than I had originally imagined. It will be important for th2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
e SANREM-CRSP team to expound on my analysis through a more careful exploration of institutions, particularly how they are perceived by potential stakAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship then present some alternative approaches to water reform based on shortcomings of the neoliberal paradigm that are currently being used as counter narratives in many Andean countries. Next, I introduce the methodology I used to analyze institutional factors in the Chimbo River Watershed. I then pre 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshipsent my findings and suggest broadening institutional collaboration and addressing local politics. I also identify five additional issues that could b2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
e further considered in this project, namely migration, lack of irrigation, reforestation, participation, and gender. I include with this report a briAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internshiphy of articles that would greatly enhance one’s understanding of sustainable development, livelihood security and watershed management in the Andean region of Ecuador.Background: Water in the Andes: is privatization the answer?Given the impending water crisis that threatens most of the world and the 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship growing awareness that life's most vital source is becoming scarcer by the day, conflicts over water access and use are increasingly likely (Trawick2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
2005). Hardin (1968) wrote about the inevitability of such conflicts in his seminal essay, The Tragedy of the Commons, noting how free access and unreAn Institutional Analysis of the Chimbo River WatershedReport for SANREM-CRSP Ecuador, January 2007Robert Anderson MA. International DevelopmentExecut 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship to individuals, each of which is motivated to maximize his or her own use of the resource, while the costs of exploitation are distributed between all those to whom the resource is available. Hardin offers two solutions for managing the commons: the first calls for state ownership and control while 2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship the second suggests leaving it to the "invisible hand” of the market.In Latin America, most countries attempted Hardin's first solution and found lit2264_Informe_Final_Rob_Anderson_Internship
tle success in eliminating the symptoms of the tragedy: waste, water theft, corruption and conflict (Trawick 2003). The second solution has thereforeGọi ngay
Chat zalo
Facebook