An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
Final Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesd resources and legal arrangements concerning land tenure have been a matter of heated dispute among Mozambican policy-makers and external agencies over the past decade. The positions taken by many participants have been strongly influenced by circumstances and developments elsewhere in Southern Afr An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesica - notably Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Even so, much of the argument has paid little attention to actual conditions in Mozambique, in largAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
e part because of the lack of systematic data relevant to a proper understanding of land management. One major goal of this chapter has been the compiFinal Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policieson.From an economic perspective the central issue of the land debate concerns the best strategy for promoting the intensification of agriculture, focusing on the expansion of more capital-intensive forms of land use aimed at production for the market rather than for subsistence. Within this overall An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiestheme, a major point of contention concerns the respective roles of commercial medium and large scale farming that is highly market-oriented and smallAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
-scale 'family' farming that has been, at least in the past, less capital-intensive and more concerned with meeting subsistence needs.The social dimenFinal Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesatively rural country and a large majority of the poor depend upon small-scale agriculture for their livelihood. Thus, for many commentators it has been critical that new institutional arrangements affecting land tenure should protect or enhance the existing rights of poor households that rely upon An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesaccess to communal land to meet their subsistence needs. But even this is far from straightforward, especially under the demographic and social pressuAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
res created by relatively high birth rates and the impact of HIV/AIDS.Traditional systems of land management in Mozambique are far from egalitarian. MFinal Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesand use are Insecure, depending upon family and other ties that may be undermined by social change and the mortality caused by HIV/AIDS. However, the entrenchment of unequal access to land has been limited by the option of moving to settle new land, either by expanding the area under cultivation or An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesby reducing fallow periods in shifting agriculture.The existence of a substantial margin of "unoccupied" or "under-utilised” land is a crucial outletAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
tempering the inequalities of communal land management. Thus, land tenure experts developing the new Land Law and its associated regulations have sougFinal Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies the1Final Version: February 2005small-scale farming sector in future. On the other hand, opportunities for the rapid development of commercial farming may be greatest precisely in such areas, because small-scale farming is concentrated in areas with either or both the best access to infrastructure An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesand the best quality soils. As a consequence, policies about access to land involve real economic choices even though land resources in general are abAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
undant.Accepting the importance of sustaining and promoting small-scale agriculture as a core element in programs for poverty alleviation and economicFinal Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesre is central. Mission estimates suggest that over 75% of all land used for crop production is classified as land used for shifting agriculture. Fallow periods are shortening gradually, but there is ample cultivable land available to maintain overall levels of fertility and crop production. However, An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies sustained increases in agricultural incomes depend upon investment in more intensive methods of land use that will involve various combinations of anAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
imal power and manure, water management, better seeds, chemicals and mechanical cultivation.There is no doubt that small farmers will respond to opporFinal Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesing arrangements for land tenure combined with shifting agriculture hinder and thus slow up the adoption of more capital- and input-intensive forms of small farming, either by limiting the access of small farmers to sources of finance or by diffusing incentives to invest in improving or sustaining s An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesoil fertility. It is not enough to protect the interests of some vulnerable groups if the arrangements limit the capacity of many farmers to accumulatAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
e capital and adopt new methods of production.Equally, the future role of commercial farming is also very contentious. The history of large farms and Final Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policieses in Southern Africa lead many to be very dubious about any policies that seem to promote the emergence of a substantial commercial farming sector. These doubts are reinforced by anecdotal evidence about local elites acquiring large holdings of land - sometimes in partnership with foreign investors An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies - that is barely developed or is used for extensive ranching of cattle and game.History and present performance matter, but the debate seems to be unAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
necessarily polarised. The development of commercial farming is not a zero-sum game with all gains for large farmers being made at the expense of the Final Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesh Africa, the commercial farming sector has generated employment opportunities, incomes and wealth for a substantial proportion of the population. The problems that persist arise from the lack of opportunities and resources for commercial farming in areas traditionally occupied by smallholders.Even An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesmore important are the lessons from countries like Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina where large and medium-sized commercial farms operate alongside smallAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
-scale farming. In the long term economies of scale, access to capital and technology will favour larger holdings than the present average size. But, Final Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesn of full-time or part-time employment opportunities, and various kinds of smallholder out-growing schemes. This applies as much to livestock rearing as to the production of cash crops, setting aside extensive ranching operations that have few spin-offs and create little employment.Various reports o An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesf the total number of farm holdings yield estimates in the range 3.1 to 3.2 million in the period 2000-03 with an average cultivated area of about 1.3An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
5 ha per holding and a total cultivated area of about 4.25 million ha. In 2000 there were about 4,500 holdings of more than 10 ha plus a further 50,00Final Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiestion.By conventional criteria the lower threshold for large and medium-sized commercial farms would be at least 50 ha. Such farms account for less than 2% of cultivated land, so that by no stretch of imagination can it be claimed that such farms represent a threat to small-scale farming. Indeed, the An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies problem is that the commercial farming sector is much too small to sustain the ancillary services and employment that would assist in the developmentAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
of more commercial opportunities for small-scale farmers.This chapter examines the current and prospective utilisation of land resources in MozambiquFinal Version: February 2005An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in MozambiqueRural Land Issues and Policies1. IntroductionThe management of land An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policiesas an economic incentive for more efficient use of land resources, and outlines a strategy for future policy. It is starts from three assumptions that differ sharply from those that underpin most contributions to the land debate:•The Land Law was a significant and necessary step in regularising the An Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policieslegal status of land holdings and in providing security of occupation to small farmers. However, it has been given altogether too much importance in tAn Economic Analysis of Natural Resources in Mozambique Rural Land Issues and Policies
he broader context of rural development by most commentators. It establishes a small element of the necessary conditions for agricultural development,Gọi ngay
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