Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
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Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
IDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka tile Regression Approach to Exploring Gender Wage Gaps in Sri LankaDileni GunewardenaDarshi AbeyrathnaAmalie EllagalaKamani Rajakaruna Shobana Rajendran39508Dileni Gunewardena (University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka) dileniq@pdn.ac.lkDarshi Abeyrathna (University of Perademya. Peradeniya. S Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka ri Lanka) darshipa@yahoo.com.Amalie Ellagala (University of Peradeniya. Peradeniya. Sn Lanka.) amalie@eureka.lkKamani Rajakaruna (University of PeradeGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
niya. Peradeniya. Sri Lanka kamamra akaruna@vahoo.comShobana Rajendran (University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka) $hobir@pdn,ac.lkAbstractRecenIDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka the 'simulated unconditional wage distribution’ as if they related to poor people We use this approach to analyse gender wage gaps across the wage distribution in Sri Lanka using quarterly labour force data from 1996 to 2004 Male and female wages are equal at the overall mean, but differ greatly bet Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka ween public and private sectors and across the wage distribution. We find that differences in the way identical men and women are rewarded in the laboGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
ur market more than account for the difference in wages throughout the distribution. We find evidence of wider wage gaps at the bottom of the distribuIDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka l wage gaps increase when controls for occupation, industry and part-time employment status are included, consistent with females selecting into occupations that better reward their characteristics. Policies that address gender bias in wage setting - especially in the low and unskilled occupations - Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka are indicated, while policies that address gender bias in hiring and in workplace practices are likely to be more appropriate than policies that seekGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
to improve womens' productivity-enhancing characteristics in reducing the gender wage gap.Keywords; gender gap. glass ceilings, sticky floors, quantiIDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka d Economic Policy (PEP) Research Network, which is financed by the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) and the Government of Canada through the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). This paper was partially wri Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka tten while Gunewardena was a visitor at the Department of Economics. University of Warwick in April/May 2006. We thank, without implicating, Wiji ArulGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
ampalam. o G Dayaratne Banda. Sami Bibi. Mark Bryan. Suresh de Mel. Evan Due, Miguel Jaramillo. Swarna Jayaweera, Nanak Kakwani, Thusitha Kumara, SwapIDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka elp. Data from the Quarterly I ahnnr Pnrro Qiirvauc arc I icc.pl h» narmiccinn nf fha rianartmonl nf Cancnc and Qtatictirc Lanka IS foremost among countries that have made considerable advances in gender equity, especially in relation to education access and health outcome Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka s.1 Gender equality is enshrined in the 1978 constitution as a fundamental right, and Sri Lanka has ratified all four key conventions that promote genGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
der equality at work.2 Yet. despite rising female labour force participation since the 1990s, it is reported that Sri Lankan women face glass ceilingsIDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka te that the gap is quite small, but little or none of it is due to differences in productive characteristics between men and women. Rather, the entire gap is attributed to differences in returns to characteristics (Aturupane 1996. Gunewardena 2002. Ajwad and Kurukulasuriya 2002)’ This is not surpris Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka ing, given the relatively high human capital endowments of Sri Lankan women. However, little is known about the degree to which the gender wage gap vaGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
ries across the distribution and the reasons for such.The application of quantile regression techniques (Koenker and Basset 1978) to many areas in ecoIDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka ch to the examination of glass ceilings.’ Glass ceilings are generally understood to mean that "women do quite well in the labour market up to a point, after which there is an effective limit on their prospects" (Albrecht ef al. 2003). Thus, larger wage gaps, conditional on covariates at the top of Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka the wage distribution are said to be consistent with the existence of glass ceilings’, while pay gaps that widen at the bottom of the conditional distGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
ribution, are termed ‘sticky floors,’ or "glass ceilings at the ground floor' (Arulampalam et al. 2005, Albrecht et al. 2003, de la Rica ef al. 2005).IDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka ically, this is understood to mean that when there are two or more groups of unequal status in the labour market, the subordinate group will have earnings distributions which look similar to the1Higher life expectancy for women (than men) was achieved in the late 1960s. maternal mortality is low. pa Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka rity in primary school enrolments and higher female secondary school enrolment was evident by the 1990s. Female enrollment in tertiary education howevGlass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka
er. IS only 69 percent of male enrollment which is lower than in many medium human development index countries (UNDP 2000).2Equal Remuneration ConventIDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A Quant Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka atilaka use these terms to refer to the observation that men and women tend to be employed in different occupations and women tend to occupy the lower rungs.‘ See Table 1 for a summary of the results of these studies3 Glass ceilings, sticky floors or sticky doors a quantile regression approach to exploring gender wage gaps in sri lanka IDRC photo: N. McKeeantiquesoverty andconomiques etconomicauvretéolicyPMMA Working Paper 2008-04Glass Ceilings, sticky Floors or Sticky Doors? A QuantGọi ngay
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