Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
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Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo ndbook for Art StudentsJames ElkinsChapter 1HistoriesNote:This is the first chapter of the book Why Art Cannot be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students The book is in print, on Amazon etc. (Kindle for $14.) The final chapter of that book contains material that is also in Art Critiques: a Guide; the re Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo maining 3 chapters are only available in Why Art Cannot be Taught.This chapter is also posted on Academia.edu.Reformatted February 2018.Why An CannotWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
be Taught3Chapter 1: Historiesthe devaluation of painting, which we will follow up to the Renaissance, may have begun with the late Romans, especially[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo ommencements and academic degrees"—did not get underway until the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.7 There was much less bureaucracy in the early universities than we're used to: there were no catalogues, no student groups, and no athletics. The curriculum was limited to the "seven liberal arts": th Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo e trivium, comprised of grammar, rhetoric, and logic, and the quadrivium, which was arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.8 There were no socialWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
studies, history, or science. Mostly students learned logic and dialectic. Logic is seldom taught now, except as an unusual elective in college Mathem[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo udents did not take courses in literature or poetry the way we do in high school and college. Some professors admitted and even boasted they had not read the books we consider to be the Greek and Roman classics.10Before they went to a university, students attended grammar schools, something like our Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo elementary schools, where they learned to read and write. When they arrived at the university, sometimes they were only allowed to speak Latin, a facWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
t which panicked freshmen and prompted the sale of pamphlets describing how to get along in Latin.11 As in modern universities, the master's degree to[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo rgymen, doctors and officials of various sorts, and when they went on to professional study (the equivalent of our medical and law schools), they faced more of the same kind of curriculum.A typical course used a single book in a year. In some universities students were drilled by going around the cl Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo ass, and they were expected to have memorized portions of theW7ạ’ Art Cannot be Tan$ht4Chapter 1: Historiesbook as well as the professor's discussionsWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
of it. It is not easy to imagine what this regimen must have been like, especially since it involved "dry" texts on logic and little "original though[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo h classes on the Talmud, in Muslim schools that memorize the Koran, and to some degree in law and medical schools— but not in colleges, and certainly not in art classes. It is interesting to speculate about the differences between such an education and our own: certainly the medieval students were b Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo etter equipped to read carefully and frame cogent arguments than we are. From the medieval point of view, being able to memorize and think logically aWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
re prerequisites to studying any subject: a student has to learn to argue about any number of things, they would have said, before going on to study a[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo stom of making exact copies of artworks. But in general, modern college curricula do not require memory training, rhetorical (speaking) skills, and dialectic (logical argument), and those absences are not made up for in graduate schools. You don't have to be a conservative defender of "cultural lite Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo racy" or a Eurocentrist to wonder just how different education could be with the kind of rhetorical and dialectical training that was, after all, a noWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
rm in parts of the classical world and in the six or so centuries following the institution of medieval universities.Artists were not part of the medi[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo ents began as apprentices for two or three years, often "graduating" from one Master to another, and then joined the local painter's guild and began to work for a Master as a "journeyman-apprentice." That kind of work must not have been easy, since there is evidence that the young artists sometimes Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo helped their Masters in the day and spent their evenings making copies. Much of their work would have been low-grade labor, such as grinding pigments,Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
preparing panels, and painting in backgrounds and drapery. Eventually the journeyman-apprentice made a work of his own, in order to be accepted as a [|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo ere various revisions aimed at modifying or augmenting the trivium and quadrivium. Hugo of st. Victor proposed seven "mechanical arts" to go along with the seven liberal arts:WoolworkingArmorNavigation Agriculture Hunting Medicine Theater.Strangely, he put architecture, sculpture, and painting under Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo "Armor," making painting an unimportant subdivision of the "mechanical arts."15It is often said that Renaissance artists rebelled against the medievaWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
l system, and attempted to have their craft (that did not require a university degree) raised to the level of a profession (that would require a unive[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo by not going to universities. They were not in a position to think about theology, music, law, medicine, astronomy, grammar, rhetoric, dialectic, logic, philosophy, physics, arithmetic, or geometry—in other words, they were cut off from the intellectual life of their time. Though it sounds rather p Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo essimistic to say so, much the same is true again today, since our four-year and six-year art schools are alternates to normal colleges just as the ReWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
naissance art academies were alternates to Renaissance universities. The situation is somewhat better in the case of art departments, because students[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo ren't as isolated as medieval students were. But there is a gap—and sometimes a gulf—between art students' educations and typical undergraduates' educations, and it often delimits what art is about. (Conversely, it marginalizes art that isWhy Art Cannot be Taught6Chapter 1: Historiesabout college-le Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo vel scientific or non-art subjects.) Much can be said about this, and I will return to it in the next chapter.Renaissance academiesThe first RenaissanWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
ce academies did not teach art.16 Instead they were mostly concerned with language, though there were also academies devoted to philosophy and astrolo[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo ersities, in order to discuss excluded subjects such as the revision of grammar and spelling, or the teachings of occult philosophers.The word "academy" comes from the district of Athens where Plato taught.19 The Renaissance academies were modelled on Plato’s Academy, both because they were informal Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo (like Plato's lectures in the park outside Athens) and because they revived Platonic philosophy.23 Many academies were more like groups of friends, wWhy art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo
ith the emphasis on discussion between equals rather than teaching. Giovanni Giorgio Trissino, a poet and amateur architect who tried to reform Italia[|V(W to readers: this is an excerpt from Why Art Cannot Be Taught: A Handbook for Art Students. More information here ]Why Art Cannot be Taught:A Han Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo fter the Renaissance, Queen Christiana of Sweden described her academy in Rome as a place for learning to speak, write, and act in a proper and noble manner.22 Poems were read, plays were put on, music was performed, and what we now call "study groups" got together to discuss them.The first art acad Why art cannot be taught chapter 1 histo emiesGọi ngay
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