How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
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How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
How can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyver time that corpora have been used extensively in nearly all branches of linguistics. This chapter explores the potential uses of corpus data in one of these areas - language teaching and learning. We will first discuss a wide range of issues related to using corpora in language pedagogy, includin How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyg referencing publishing, syllabus design and materials development, language testing, teacher development, data-driven learner (DLL), leaching languaHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
ge for specific purposes, as well as learner corpus and interlanguage analysis. We will then demonstrate, via a case study of passive constructions inHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogydebate over the relevance of authenticity and frequency of corpora in language education as well as the future of corpus-based language pedagogy.Key words: corpora, language pedagogy, data-driven learning, learner corpus, contrastive corpus linguistics, interlanguage, second language acquisition1. I How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyntroductionThe corpus-based approach to linguistics and language education has gained prominence over the past four decades, particularly since the miHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
d-1980s. This is because corpus analysis can be illuminating ‘in virtually all branches of linguistics or1https://khothuvien.cori!language learning’ (How can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy intuitions of a great number of speakers and makes linguistic analysis more objective (McEnery and Wilson 2001: 103). Unsurprisingly, corpora have been used extensively in nearly all branches of linguistics including, for example, lexicographic and lexical studies, grammatical studies, language var How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyiation studies, contrastive and translation studies, diachronic studies, semantics, pragmatics, stylistics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, foreHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
nsic linguistics, and language pedagogy. Corpora have won widespread popularity over time in spite of the fact that they still occasionally attract hoHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyis and language education. In our view, such a debate is over a nonissue. Readers interested in the pros and cons of using corpus data should refer to Sinclair (1991), Widdowson (1991, 2000), de Beaugrande (2001) and Stubbs (2001). Robert de Beaugrande's unpublished paper, ‘Large corpora and applied How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy linguistics: H. G. Widdowson versus J. McH. Sinclair’ (available online at http://www.beaugrande.com/WiddowSincS.htm), provides an excellent summaryHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
of the debate between Sinclair and Widdowson, at the Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics in 1991, over the use of corpora iHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyr negative) reactions to corpus data between the two extremes. Readers can refer to Nelson (2000: section 5.3.3.) for a good review. Nor will we discuss the use of corpora in a wide range of language studies. Readers can refer to Hunston (2002) and McEnery, Xiao and Tono2https://khothuvien.cori!(200 How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy6) for a further discussion of using corpora in applied linguistics. Instead, this chapter focuses only on using corpora in language pedagogy.The earlHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
y 1990s saw an increasing interest in applying the findings of corpus-based research to language pedagogy. The upsurge of interest is evidenced by theHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy000), Bertinoro (2002), Granada (2004), Paris (2006), and Lisbon (2008). This is also apparent when one looks at the published literature. In addition to a large number of journal articles, well over twenty authored or edited volumes have recently been produced on the topic of teaching and language How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogycorpora: Wichmann et al (1997), Partington (1998), Bernardini (2000), Burnard and McEnery (2000), Kettemann and Marko (2002, 2006), Aston (2001), GhadHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
essy, Henry, and Roseberry (2001), Hunston (2002), Granger et al (2002). Connor and Upton (2002), Tan (2002), Sinclair (2003, 2004), Aston et al (2004How can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyntana (2007), O’Keeffe, McCarthy and Carter (2007), Aijiner (2009), and Campoy, Gea-valor and Belles-Fortuno (2010). These works cover a wide range of issues related to using corpora in language pedagogy, e.g. corpus-based language description, corpus analysis in classroom, and learner corpora (cf. How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyKeck 2004).In the opening chapter of Teaching and Language Corpora (Wichmann et al 1997), Geoffrey Leech observed that a convergence between teachingHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
and language corpora was apparent. That convergence has three focuses, as noted by Leech (1997): the direct use of corpora in teaching (teaching aboutHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogysting), and further teaching-oriented corpus development (LSP corpora, LI developmental corpora and L2 learner corpora).In the remainder of this chapter, we will explore the potential uses of corpora in language pedagogy in line with Leech’s three focuses of convergence (sections 2-4), which is foll How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyowed by a case study demonstrating how contrastive corpus linguistics can inform second language acquisition research (section 5). The chapter concludHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
es by discussing the debate over the relevance of authenticity and frequency of corpora in language education as well as the future of corpus-based laHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyause direct use of corpora in language pedagogy is restricted by a number of factors including, for example, the level and experience of learners, time constraints, curricular requirements, knowledge and skills required of teachers for corpus analysis and result interpretation, and the access to res How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyources such as computers, and appropriate software tools and corpora, or a combination of these (see section 6 for further discussion). This section eHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
xplores how corpora have impacted on language pedagogy indirectly.2.1. Reference publishingCorpora have revolutionized reference publishing (at least How can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogytionaries published from the 1990s4https://khothuvien.cori!onwards not to be based on corpus data, and ‘even people who have never heard of a corpus are using the product of corpus-based investigation' (Hunston 2002: 96).Corpora are useful in several ways for lexicographers. The greatest advantage o How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyf using corpora in lexicography lies in their machine-readable nature, which allows dictionary makers to extract all authentic, typical examples of thHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
e usage of a lexical item from a large body of text in a few seconds. The second advantage of the corpusbased approach, which is not available when usHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy 1995 and Longman 1995, include such frequency information. Frequency data plays an even more important role in the so-called frequency dictionaries, which define core vocabulary to help learners of different modem languages, e.g. Davies (2005) for Spanish, Jones and Tschirner (2005) for German. Dav How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyies and de Oliveira Preto-Bay (2007) for Portuguese, Lonsdale and Bras (2009) for French, and Xiao, Rayson and McEnery (2009) for Chinese. InformationHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
of this sort is particularly useful for materials writers and language learners alike. A further benefit of using corpora is related to corpus markupHow can corpora help in language pedagogy?Richard XiaoAbstractCorpus linguistics as a methodology of linguistic research has gained such prominence ov How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyr and age) metadata which allows lexicographers to give a more accurate description of the usage of a lexical item. Corpus annotations such as part-of-speech tagging and word sense disambiguation also enable a more sensible grouping of words which are polysemous and homographs. Furthermore, a monito How_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogyr corpus allows lexicographers to track subtle change in the meaning and usage of a lexical item so as to keep their dictionaries up-to-date. Last butHow_can_corpora_help_in_language_pedagogy
not least, corpus evidence can complement or refute the intuitions of5individual lexicographers, which are not always reliable (cf. Sinclair 1991a: 1Gọi ngay
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