monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009c Health Bureau of Environmental Health Indoor Air Quality Program May 2009Background/IntroductionAt the request of Interim School Superintendent Linda Denault, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH), Bureau of Environmental Health (BEH) provided assistance and consultation regarding i monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009ndoor air quality concerns at Granite Valley Middle School (GVMS), 21 Thompson Street, Monson, Massachusetts. The request was prompted by the hospitalmonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
ization of a building occupant.On December 23, 2008, a visit to conduct an assessment was made to the GVMS by Lisa Hebert and James Tobin. Indoor Air INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009aint. On January 14,2009, Lisa Hebert returned to GVMS to conduct follow up testing in the remainder of the school for comparison and to conduct air sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). On March 27,2009, Michael Feeney, Director of BEH’s Indoor Air Quality Program and Lisa Hébert visited monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009the building to complete the assessment.The GVMS is a two story brick building originally constructed in the mid 1960s as a high school. The buildingmonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
was substantially renovated in 2002. New gypsum wallboard, installation of membrane roof and an elevator were all part of the 2002 renovation. The buiINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009nable throughout most of the building. Shop areas that were used when the building was a high school were no longer in use as such and are currently used for storage of maintenance department supplies.Due to the concerns about indoor air quality, the GVMS had been previously evaluated by Universal E monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009nvironmental Consultants (UEC) in October, 2008. UEC made no recommendations based on their building evaluation. IAQ staff examined the following areamonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
s of2concern: the cafeteria, classroom 113, the main office conference room and the hallway outside the Teacher’s Copy Room. Each of these areas was eINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009emperature and relative humidity were conducted with the TSĨ, Q-Trak, ĨAQ Monitor, Model 8551. Air tests for airborne particle matter with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers were taken with the TS1, DUS ITRAKrM Aetosol Monitor Model 8520. Screening for total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) was monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009conducted using a Rae Systems. Mini Rae 2000 Photoionization Detector (PID). Background readings for January 14, 2009 were obtained from Weather Undermonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
ground. BEH staff also performed visual inspection of building materials for water damage and/or microbial growth.Resultslhe GVMS has an employee popuINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009 in fable 1. Air sampling results arc listed in the table by location that the air sample was taken.DiscussionVentilationIt can be seen from Table 1 that carbon dioxide levels were above 800 parts per million (ppm) in 14 of 50 areas surveyed on Dec ember 23, 2008 and in 8 of 17 areas surveyed on3Jan monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009uary 14, 2009. These levels of carbon dioxide indicate adequate air exchange in the majority of the areas tested. However, it is also important to notmonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
e that several classrooms were sparsely populated, which can greatly reduce carbon dioxide levels. Carbon dioxide levels would be expected to increaseINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009aws air from outdoors through a fresh air intake located on the exterior walls of the building and return air through an air intake located at the base of each unit. The mixture of fresh and return air is drawn through a filter and heating coil, and is then expelled from the univent by motorized fan monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009s through fresh air diffusers. Importantly, the units must remain “on” and allowed to operate while these rooms are occupied. Stale air and contaminanmonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
ts are removed from classrooms by wall or ceiling mounted exhaust ventilators (Pictures 1 and 2).Four rooftop air handling units (AHUs) service the PrINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009 diffusers. Stale air and contaminants are removed from these areas by ducted exhaust vents.To maximize air exchange, the MDPH recommends that both supply and exhaust ventilation operate continuously during periods of school occupancy. In order to have proper ventilation with a mechanical supply and monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009 exhaust system, the systems must be balanced to provide an adequate amount of fresh air to the interior of a room while removing stale air from the rmonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
oom. It is recommended that HVAC systems be re-balanced every five years to ensure adequate air systems function (SMACNA, 1994). The systems at GVMS wINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009 fresh outside air or have openable windows in each room (SBBRS, 1997; BOCA, 1993). The ventilation must be on at all times that the room is occupied. Providing adequate fresh air ventilation with open windows and maintaining the temperature in the comfort range during the cold weather season is imp monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009ractical. Mechanical ventilation is usually required to provide adequate fresh air ventilation.Carbon dioxide is not a problem in and of itself. It ismonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
used as an indicator of the adequacy of the fresh air ventilation. As carbon dioxide levels rise, it indicates that the ventilating system is malfuncINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009omfort or health complaints. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard for carbon dioxide is 5,000 parts per million parts of air (ppm). Workers may be exposed to this level for 40 hoursweek, based on a time-weighted average (OSHA, 1997).The MDPH uses a guideline of 800 ppm f monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009or publicly occupied buildings. A guideline of 600 ppm or less is preferred in schools due to the fact that the majority of occupants are young and comonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
nsidered to be a more sensitive population in the evaluation of environmental health status. Inadequate ventilation and/or elevated temperatures are mINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009, consult Appendix A.Temperature measurements in the school ranged from 64c F to 73° F in the areas surveyed on December 23, 2008, which were below the MDPH recommended range in 24 of 50 areas surveyed (Table 1). Temperature measurements in the school ranged from 63° F to 74° F in the areas tested o monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009n January 14, 2009, which were below the MDPH recommended range in 85https://khothuvien.cori!of 17 areas sun-eyed (Table 2). The MDPH recommends thatmonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
indoor air temperatures be maintained in a range of 70° F to 78’ F in order to provide for the comfort of building occupants. In many cases concerningINDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009e relative humidity measured in the building ranged from 12 to 21 percent in the areas tested on December 23, 2008. The relative humidity measured in the building ranged from 6 to 20 percent in the areas tested on January 14. 2009. All of these measurements were below the MDPH recommended comfort ra monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009nge at the time of the assessments (Tables 1 and 2). The MDPH recommends a comfort range of 40 to 60 percent for indoor air relative humidity. Relativmonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
e humidity levels in the building would be expected to drop during the winter months due to heating. “Extremely low (below 20%) relative humidity may INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTGranite Valley Middle School 21 Thompson StreetMonson, Massachusetts 01057Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009related symptoms (Arundel et al., 1986). The sensation of dryness and irritation is common in a low relative humidity environment. Low relative humidity is a very common problem during the heating season in the northeast part of the United States. In addition to “dry and sore nose and throat, inabil monson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009ity to wear contact lenses, and dry, itchy, flaky skin [low relative humidity] can” contribute to an increase in respiratory illness by weakening themonson-granite-valley-middle-school-2009
defense provided by the mucous membranes” (Bayer et al., 1999).MicrobiaRMoisture ConcernsSeveral potential sources of water damage and/or mold growthGọi ngay
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