Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

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Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tecnous and Local CommunitiesNaomi Roht-ArriazaUniversity of California. Hastings College of the LawFollow this and additional works at: https7/repositor

y.law.umich edu/mjil& Part of the Agriculture Law Commons, Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Intellectual Property Lav/ Commons, and the Law and Soci Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

ety CommonsRecommended CitationNaomi Roht-Arriaza, Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigenous and

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

Local Communities, 17 Mich. J. INTÌ L. 919 (1996).Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol17/ĨSS4/2This Article is brought to you for

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tecor inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Lav/ by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more i

nformation, please contact mlaw repository@umich eduOF SEEDS AND SHAMANS: THE APPROPRIATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE OF INDIGENOUS AN Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

D LOCAL COMMUNITIESNaomi Roht-Arriaza*Introduction ............................................... 920I.The Scientific and Technical Knowledge ofIndig

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

enous and Local Communities....................... 921II.Mechanisms of Appropriation: What CountsAS Valuable Knowledge?...............................

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec...... 9351.Novelty or Newness.............................. 9362.Nonobviousness or theInventiveStep............ 9373.Subject Matter .................

................ 9384.Industrial Application.......................... 9395.Reproducibility................................. 9406.Plant Breeders’ Righ Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

ts.......................... 940c. ExSitu Conservation and the“CommonHeritage”.... 942III.Answers to Appropriation .............................. 947A

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

.Expansion of Intellectual Property Rights.......... 953B.Private “Bioprospector” Contracts.................. 958c. Multilateral Agreements andFunds .

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec of the Law; J.D., Boalt Hall, University of California, Berkeley; M.P.P., University of California, Berkeley. Maria Montes and Kathleen Yurchak did e

xtensive research for this paper, and I deeply appreciate their help both with the research and in discussing die issues with me. I also profoundly th Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

ank Monica Moore at Pesticide Action Network North America and everyone at Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN) in Barcelona for their help

Of Seeds and Shamans- The Appropriation of the Scientific and Tec

and support. An earlier version of this article appears in Borrowed Power: Essays in Cultural Appropriation (B. Ziff & p. Rao eds., forthcoming 1996).

Michigan Journal of International LawVolume 17 Issue 41996Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of the Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigen