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Ernest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, Ari opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_ian Aghajanzadeh and Aimee McKane Environmental Technologies Area42217DISCLAIMERThis document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_ The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibilityopportunities_for_automated_demand_response_
for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infriErnest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, Ari opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_herwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Un opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_ited States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California.iiAcknowledgementsThis work described in this report was copportunities_for_automated_demand_response_
oordinated by the Demand Response Research Center and funded by the Department of Energy (DOI .) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and Ernest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, Ari opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_erest I nergy Research (PIER) Program, under Work for Others Contract No 500-03-026Ibis research benefitted from related work funded by Pacific Gas and Electric Company.Ihe authors would like to thank Anish Gautam and the California Energy commission for their continued support of Demand Response Re opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_searc h in the Industry, Agriculture, and Water sectors The authors would also like to thank Jonathan Burrows (Pacific Gas and Electric Company), Peteopportunities_for_automated_demand_response_
r Canessa (Center for Irrigation Technology), Charles Burt (Irrigation Training and Research Center), Lynn Tominaga (Idaho Irrigation Pumpers AssociatErnest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, Ari opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_nergy), and Shane McMinn (Golden spread Electricity Cooperative) for providing information for this report, and Michael Berger (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory') for providing valuable feedback.iiiABSTRACTPumping water for agricultural irrigation represents a significant share of California's opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_annual electricity use and peak, demand. It also represents a large source of potential flexibility, as farms possess a form of storage in their wetteopportunities_for_automated_demand_response_
d soil- By carefully modifying their irrigation schedules, growers can participate in demand response without adverse effects on their crops.This repoErnest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, Ari opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_riers to widespread participation. The report first describes the magnitude, timing, location, purpose, and manner of energy use in California. Typical on-farm controls are discussed, as well as common impediments to participation in demand response and automated demand response programs. Case studi opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_es of demand response programs in California and across the country are reviewed, and their results along with overall California demand estimates areopportunities_for_automated_demand_response_
used to estimate statewide demand response potential. Finally, recommendations are made for future research that can enhance the understanding of demErnest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, Ari opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_SUMMARY....................................................................1CHAPTER 1: Introduction..............................................................41.1Background.....................................................................41.2Report Organization................................. opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_..........................52.0 Energy Use.......................................................................62.1.Magnitude of Energy Use..........opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_
.............................................62.2.Timing of Energy Use..........................................................72.3.Location of EnergErnest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, Ari opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_anner of Energy Use.........................................................123.0 Controls........................................................................134.0 Constraints.....................................................................144.1.Insufficient Irrigation Capacity.............. opportunities_for_automated_demand_response_...............................144.2.Insufficient Flexibility for Water Deliveries................................174.3.Insufficient Flexibility of Apopportunities_for_automated_demand_response_
plication Method...............................174.4.Insufficient Flexibility of Labor............................................184.5.Insufficient CErnest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, AriErnest Orlandũ Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOpportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Agricultural IrrigationDaniel Olsen, AriGọi ngay
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