Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
➤ Gửi thông báo lỗi ⚠️ Báo cáo tài liệu vi phạmNội dung chi tiết: Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
REIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]a Okiro DeShaun BennettKleinman Center for Energy PolicyUNIVERSITY OÍ PENNSYLVANIA I SCHOOL OE DESIGNThis report has been prepared by the Kleinman Center for Energy Policy at the University of Pennsylvania. It was funded, in part, through a grant awarded to the Pennsylvania Small Business Developmen Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]t Centers by the U.S, Economic Development Administration as part of the Partnerships for Opportunity and Workforce and Economic Revitalization (POWERReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
) Initiative. The views and opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily state or reflect those of the University of Pennsylvania, the KleinREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]Government.The authors would like to thank Dr. James Hines. John Quigley, and Nancy Crickman for helpful review and comment on prior drafts. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors.eg3 Kleinman Centerfor Energy PolicyEXECUTIVE SUMMARYPENNSYLVANIA’S COAL MINING INDUSTRY BEGAN IN Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546] THE MID-1700S AND GREW TO WARM COUNTLESS HOMES, POWER THE NATION, AND FUEL THE STEEL INDUSTRY AND THE INDUSTRIAL AGE. In turn, coal's importance to PReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
ennsylvania's economy grew, as homes, businesses, and towns developed around coal mines—much like factory towns. But over time, as is typical in manufREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]o began using more machines and employing fewer laborers.This employment reduction trend has been occurring for decades, even as the amount of coal mined increased. The U.S. steel industry began to slow in the late 1970s into the early 1980s, as economic recessions softened steel demand, and competi Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]tion from foreign steel producers increased. Scientists learned more about the public health and environmental impacts of coal mining and combustion,Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
which led to increased regulations.Appalachian coal is buried deep underground, making it more expensive to mine than coal in other parts of the countREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]clined. These trends contributed to the ongoing erosion of coal mining employment, further depressing Pennsylvania’s small, rural coal towns.While coal mining unemployment and the depression of Pennsylvania’s coal towns has been gradually occurring for decades, the rise of Pennsylvania's Marcellus S Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]hale natural gas resource resulted in rapid decline. Cheap and abundant natural gas extracted from the earth by machines aided by a comparably small nReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
umber of workers—quickly reduced coal demand, production,and employment, sending economic shockwaves through already struggling coal communities. And REIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]vastating for the people, businesses, and towns still dependent on coal mining.Pennsylvania's coal industry is unique because it produces two types of coal that are used in two different sectors. Bituminous coal in the west and northeast is used as fuel to produce electric power, whereas anthracite Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]coal in the northeast IS used by the iron and steel industry. The persistent national downturn in coal demand primarily affects bituminous coal, whileReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
anthracite coal is exposed to a large, international export market.However the future demand for coal is unknown. As such, the strategies in this repREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]d less than 0.1% of total non-farm employment in Pennsylvania. But the coal industry supports additional indirect jobs (c.g. supply chain businesses) and induced jobs (c.g. stores or restaurants) that support individuals and communities. While each community is unique, many of these distressed coal Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]communities share similar characteristics, including high unemployment, aging populations, deteriorating or insufficient infrastructure, and educationReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
al attainment levels that arc lower than state and national averages. As people born, raised, and educated in these communities arc moving out. new, eREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]new business into those communities.Kleinman Centerfor Energy PolicyWhat can ba done to help these people and places? This report attempts to capture and categorize local and regional strategies being pursued to assist distressed workers, businesses, and communities. The report captures current info Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]rmation from on-the-ground stakeholders—surveys with small-business owners, outreach for interviews with more than 125 stakeholders, and two regionalReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
meetings in coal producing areas of the state. This input is augmented with research into Pennsylvania's demographics, coal market data and trends, unREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]Pennsylvania. Some of these strategies are still in the planning phase: others are in development: a few have been recently implemented. Most projects, however, are too early in their infancy to determine long-term efficacy.It goes without saying that financial resources available to assist people a Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]nd places impacted by the coal downturn are scarce. This reality often hinders the ability to implement revitalization or redevelopment strategies. ExReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
ploring, evaluating, and leveraging multiple strategies may be the best way to test for success, prior to deploying capital. When exploring developmenREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]ity, pre-existing strengths and weaknesses, and others.Assistance strategies in Pennsylvania tend to fall under five key categones:•Planning and Development - using planning and development efforts to convert community liabilities into assets that can be leveraged for broader economic benefit.■Train Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]ing - providing education and workforce development strategies, including promotion of entrepreneurship, to enhance and diversify employment opportuniReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
ties.•Technology - enabling the greater use of technology to ennch business opportunities.■Financing Options - employing innovative approaches to incrREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]es and communities to diversify into new opportunities in growth industries or industries where there is a potential local competitive advantage.The report provides a review of the above categories, and outlines related sub-categones. For each subcategory strategy identified, the report highlights f Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]oreseeable implementation challenges, though additional challenges should be expected. Examples of implemented or proposed programs are provided for mReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
ost identified strategies. Insight boxes are included throughout the report to provide complementary data or perspectives to enable a deeper understanREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]developing a community-specific approach, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration and cooperation, leveraging financial resources, and promoting organizational connections and individuals who are skilled connectors. Applying these four pnnciples to local governments and economic development organizati Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]ons, four specific next steps are identified to help these entities lead coal community transition and diversification. These steps include: complemenReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
t regional economic development planning with community-specific plans, promote a culture of collaboration (not competition) among leadership organizaREIMAGINING PENNSYLVANIA'S COAL COMMUNITIESSTAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REVITALIZATIONMay 23,2018By Christina Simeone Theodora Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]yond target communities.The process of reimaging lives, enterprises, and communities must by definition be forward-looking. embracing change as an opportunity. For Pennsylvania's coal regions, any vision of the future and plan for transition must respect and honor the past. For many people, the chan Reimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]ges underway are not opportunities: they are real-life crises. Coal mining jobs pay large wage premiums. Although these are difficult jobs that presenReimers 1986 TulaneSG&P Pcene Midway Gp of Alabama [§N3546]
t health hazards, they are often some of the best paying jobs around (when available). More fundamentally, coal and coal mining served as the foundatiGọi ngay
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