Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
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Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
https://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controltly proposed that the government allocate significant portions of the radio spectrum for use as a wireless commons. The problem for commons proposals is that truly open access leads to interference, which renders a commons unattractive. Those advocating a commons assert, however, that a network comp Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlrising devices that operate at low power and repeat each others messages can eliminate the interference problem. They contend that this possibility reSpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
nders spectrum commons more efficient than privately owned spectrum, and in fact that private owners would not create these abundant networks (as I cahttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlrship of the spectrum.Those advocating a commons do not propose a network in which anyone can transmit as she pleases. The abundant networks they envision involve significant control over the devices that will be allowed to transmit. On the question whether private entities will create these abundan Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlt networks, commons advocates emphasize the tr ansaction costs of aggregating spectrum, but those costs can be avoided via allotment of spectrum in laSpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
rge swaths. The comparative question of the efficiency of private versus public control, meanwhile, entails an evaluation of the implications of the phttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlction (the avoidance of private monopoly, but also a cumbersome process that can be subject to rent-seeking). The deciding factor, in my view, is that these networks might not develop as planned, and so the flexibility entailed by private ownership—as well as the shifting of the risk of failure from Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control taxpayers to shareholders—makes private ownership the belter option.The unattractiveness of a commons in this context casts serious doubt on the desiSpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
rability of spectrum commons more generally. Commons proponents have championed abundant networks because those networks avoid interference problems. https://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control interference. Most uses of1 Professor of Law. Duke University School of Law. B.A.. Yale University. 1987; J.D.. Yale Law School.1991. I would like to thank Tom Bell. Stuart Buck. Rodger Citron. Sam Dinkin. Gerry Faulhaber. Dale Hatfield. Tom Hazlett. Don Herzog. Evan Kwerel. Doug Lichtman. Ronald M Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlann, Neil Netanel. Aiti Rai. Ted Rappaport. Sanjay Shakkottai, Jim Speta, Doug Webbink, and Srilal Weera for helpful comments.1spectrum are subject toSpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
interference, so the failure of the commons advocates’ arguments undermines the appeal of a commons for most potential uses of spectrum.I.Abundant Nehttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controln of Abundant Networks.....................................16II.The Commons Advocates' Arguments Against Property Rights Spectrum..........23A.Costs of Allocating Spectrum in Small Allotments....................24B.Fears that. Even with Big Allotments, Property RightsWill Not Result in Abundant Netw Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlorks.............................26III.Evaluating Government Versus Private Control of Abundant Networks.........34A.Protocols and Lobbying...........Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
...................................35B.Benefits of Private Competition.....................................39c. Benefits of Private Control of Abundanhttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control...........49D.Concentration of Private Power......................................52E.Benefits of Government Control: The Value of a Free Network.........641Should Spectrum for Abundant Networks Be Free of Charge?......652Is Government Control More Likely To ProduceNeuưal Networks.................. Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control..........................69IV.Should the Government Allot Frequencies in Large Bands?...................75A.Parcel Size, Transaction Costs, and CombiSpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
natorial Bidding...........75B.The Importance of Uncertainty.......................................79Conclusion.......................................https://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlw wireless networks can be developed that would allow for a wireless commons in which people could transmit freely on open radio spectrum.2 One major2 See, e.g., Yochai Benkler, Overcoming Agoraphobia: Building the Commons of the Digitally Networked Environment. 11 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 287, 325-26 (19 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control98): George Gilder, Auctioning the Airwaves, Forbes. Apr. 11, 1994, at 98; Eli M. Noam. Taking the Next Step Beyond Spectrum Auctions: Open Spectrum ASpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
ccess, IEEE Comm. Mag., Dec. 1995, at 66. 70.2concern about these proposals is that widespread use of such a commons may result in more traffic than thttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controls solved the interference problem. They contend that we c an have wireless networks in which eac h new device also creates new capacity, such that a wireless network can add users without creating interference. They also take a further step: Ihcy assert that such networks will not be created if the Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlspectrum is privately owned, and that a commons—in whic h no one owned the spectrum would be a more efficient system lor managing the spec trum than aSpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
properly rights regime.' Tn tills Article 1 critically assess the argument tliat a government-created commons is a mote efficient means of spectrum ahttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlffs involved in the choice between public and private control. I conclude that private owners will create these capacious networks if these networks ate as promising as their advocates suggest, and that as an efficiency manor private ownership is preferable to public ownership.This debate marks a ne Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controlw stage in spectrum policy. For most of the twentieth century, the model was straightforward: With respect to any given set of available frequencies,Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
the federal government chose what service (usually only one service) it would authorize. Then the government decided how those frequencies would be dihttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recent Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controler, how much power each licensee could use. Finally, it selected the particular licensees by holding comparative hearings.5 The federal government decided, for example, which frequencies to allocate for television broadcasting, determined which sets of frequencies it would allot for any given city, Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Controland then parceled out licenses to the broadcaster in each city that it deemed worthy.6 If a potential new- entrant, or an existing licensee, wanted toSpectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public Control
provide another service (either in addition to or instead of broadcasting), it was out of luck. The FCC determinedhttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recenthttps://khothuvien.cori!1 Spectrum Abundance and the Choice Between Private and Public ControlStuart Minor Benjamin1Prominent commentators have recentGọi ngay
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