To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
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To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
https://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatdismembered by explosives...[where! it was impossible to tell French from German: all were the color of soil.” Eric Leed:"Only the dead have seen the end of war." Plato:1IntroductionIt is uncertain when the first war look place, but its effects can surely be sunnised, for even the tamest of battles To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatinstill fear, apply violence, and drawr blood. At their most extreme, the costs exacted stagger the imagination. An officer of the 24,h Panzer DivisioTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
n, witness to the ferocious fighting around Stalingrad in October 1942, describes just howr relentless these struggles can be:“We have fought for fifthttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatllars, on the landings, and the staircases. The front is a corridor between burnt-out rooms; it is the thin ceiling between two floors. Help comes from neighbouring houses by fire-escapes and chimneys. There is a ceaseless struggle from noon to night. From storey to storey, faces black with sweat, w To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeate bombed each other with grenades in the middle of explosions, clouds of dust and smoke...Ask any soldier what hand-to-hand struggle means in such a fTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
ight. And imagine Stalingrad; eighty days and eighty nights of hand-to-hand struggle, blinding smoke; it is a vast furnace lit by the reflection of flhttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatank. The nights of Stalingrad are terror for them. Animals flee this hell; the hardest storms cannot bear it for long; only men can endure.”1 * 3Amidst such carnage, life and death become almost meaningless. In the words of Guy Sajer, another veteran of World War Il’s brutal Eastern Front, “1 had le To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatarned that life and death can be so close that one can pass from one to the other without attracting any attention.”4 5 In war the living are perpetuaTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
lly surrounded by death. In a January 1917 letter, Wilfred Owen described to his sister how such a situation reigned on the Western Front: “I have nothttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeathe moon: chaotic, crater-ridden, uninhabitable, awful, the abode of madness.”3To be sure, soldiers have no monopoly on suffering. Wars almost invariably spill beyond the battlefield and taint the surrounding population with its toxic mix of death and destruction. Such actions are often the result of To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat deliberate policy to plunder or terrorize the local population. An eyewitness to a 13,hc English pillaging raid in France records such an operation:1To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
cf O’Connell Of Men and Arms. p255.• Plato.3(cf Kp231).4(Guy Safer, cf Fritz, Front, p69).5Cohen?The Title, Though Not Shown on the First Page“The mahttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatat baggage train. Soon all is tumult. The peasants, having just come out to the fields, turn back uttering loud cries. The shepherds gather their flocks and drive them toward the neighbouring woods in the hope of saving them. The incendiaries set the villages on fire and the foragers visit and sack To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatthem. The terrified inhabitants are either burned or led away with their hands tied to be held for ransom. Everywhere bells ring the alarm; a surge ofTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
fear sweeps over the countryside. Wherever you look you can see helmets glinting in the sun. pennons waving in the breeze, the whole plain covered inhttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatons.”6Many such transgressions against the civilian population have been the result of a calculated policy of terror. It was, for example, not unusual for the ancient Assyrians to kill ever} man, woman and child in a captured city, or to carry away entire populations into captivity—all the better to To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat frighten their opponents into submission.7 Such ruthlessness has not been constrained to antiquity. After Tamburlane’s sack of Delhi in 1398, the citTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
y was left so ruined that, according to an eyewitness, "for two whole months, not a bird moved a wing in the city.’’8 In modem times, too, cries of fehttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeathave persisted over time, so too has our lack of understanding why. Indeed, armed conflict remains insufficiently explored and weakly-explained. Current literature, for example, suggests victory variously arrives through material preponderance, military technology amenable to either offensive or def To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatence force postures, or the gifted strategy and tactics that underline combat proficiency. However, as demonstrated below, none of these offers a compTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
letely compelling case. Present theories on victory are not empirically sustained. Meanwhile, the true answer involves structural factors and relativehttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatd outcomes for a period spanning 3,500 years. Such a compilation is necessary because, while considerable research has been conducted into these topics, an aggregation of the data does not in a single electronic form. It has therefore been left to the author to create such a database. The value-adde To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatd of this survey of frequency and intensity is that such macromeasurement makes the case that the contours of violence reflect underlying structure. ATo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
t the same time, analysis of victory tells the story' of how best to operate within the structural confines that so dearly shape conflict. Together, thttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatt history'.96Chansons des Lorrains, 13’*c French epic poem. Translation, J. Gillingham, cf Holmes, Artas. p41.(Dupuy p7, 10) history, pages ?8cf Holmes. Atlas, p61).9The next chapter will be an examination of economic history, demonstrating when a recourse of the profits of war might be necessary.Se To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatan Clark - Dalhousie University4* International Conference on Interdisciplinary Social Sciences (Athens. July 8-10 2009)Draft - Full citations & the lTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
atest data can be found at sn8Gi357@dal.ca-2-The Title, Though Not Shown on the First PageIn sum, the following oilers three scholarly contributions. https://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatbat proficiency can be tracked over time. Empirically, battle data far prior to the current 1820 cut-oil dale has been collec ted, single spot where otherwise only disparalely available. This dala is then used to lest existing theories with empirical data of far greater historical breadth than has p To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeatreviously been done. Ihirdly, the paper’s theoretical contribution is to show how details of conflict are heavily determined by structural factors. InTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
deed, military genius is present in all epochs, yet rales 0Í allacker vic lory, casualties, and numbers mobilized I hange over lime. In doing so, the https://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat and historically situated understanding of when and why wars make attractive alternatives. Only from here c an a complete theory of interrelation between war and politics be constructed.Sean Clark - Dalhousie University4* International Conference on Interdisciplinary Social Sciences (Athens, July 8 To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat-10 2009)Draft - Full citations & the latest data can be found at sn8Gi357@dal.ca-3-The Title, Though Not Shown on the First Page2Literature reviewTheTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
earliest image of combat ever uncovered is a cave painting found in Morela la Vella. Spain. In striking hues, the artwork depicts men fighting with bhttps://khothuvien.cori!To Whom Go the Spoils?Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat"At Verdun, the combatant fought...in a landscape d To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat the painting is proof that humanity’s intellectual fascination with war dates back at least until Mesolithic times. The study of war is one of humanity’s oldest intellectual pursuits. Meanwhile, the depravations—and profits—of war have ensured successive generations of scholars search to unearth th To Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeate reasons why humans prove so capable and willing of doing violence to one another. More specific to this paper is the fact that many scholars have coTo Whom Go the Spoils Exploring 4,000 Years of Battlefield Victory & Defeat
ncerned themselves with war and its relationship to national growth and decline. It is within this tradition that the paper sit; to discover why someGọi ngay
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