Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2

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Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2

BASIC INVESTIGATIONS6A.CLINICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY22Introduction and basic concepts45923The normal electrocardiogram47424Abnormal R T and u waves4902

Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 225Ventricular hypertrophy50026Intraventricular conduction defects51627Myocardial infarction and ischemia53328Pericarditis and myocarditis56029Drug eff

ects and electrolyte abnormalities56830Arrhythmias580Chapter 22Introduction and Basic Conceptsintroduction459BASIC CONCEPTS461a)Electrophysiology of t Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2

he Heart 461b)Electrocardiographic Instrument,Recording Electrodes and Lead 466c)Precautions to be Taken forRecording an ECG472REFERENCES473INTRODUCTI

Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2

ONThe electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic record of the electrical potentials produced during heart beat. ECG of today is the product of a scries OÍ

BASIC INVESTIGATIONS6A.CLINICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY22Introduction and basic concepts45923The normal electrocardiogram47424Abnormal R T and u waves4902

Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2first suggested by Edward Bancroft (1769, in torpedo fish)' and substantiated by John Walsh (1773 in cel)7 and Luigi Galvani (1780 in dissected frog)

(sec Table 22.1).•I lowcvcr; it was in 1842, when Carlo Maticucci, Professor of Physics al the University of Pisa first showed that an electric curren Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2

t accompanies each heart beat in a dissected frog,’ which was later confirmed by Rudolph von Koelliker and Heinrich Muller in 1856.'•First successful

Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2

attempt to record an FX Xi in humans was made by Alexander Muirhead, a lelegraph engineer in 1869 ar Sr. Bartholomews hospital, 1-ondon, using Thomson

BASIC INVESTIGATIONS6A.CLINICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY22Introduction and basic concepts45923The normal electrocardiogram47424Abnormal R T and u waves4902

Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 280)2. Electric current accompanies eachMatteucci (1842), Koelliker andheart beat (frog)Muller (1856)3. Capillary electrometerGabriel Lippmann (1872)4.

String galvanometerWillem Einthoven (1901)5. Attempt to record ECG in humansAlexander Muirhead (1869)6. Recorded first human ECGAugustus D Waller (18 Ebook Clinical examinations in cardiology: Part 2

87)7. Naming of deflections in ECG as "PQRST”Willem Einthoven (1895)

BASIC INVESTIGATIONS6A.CLINICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY22Introduction and basic concepts45923The normal electrocardiogram47424Abnormal R T and u waves4902